Whole-Blood and Peripheral Mononuclear Cell Transcriptional Response to Prolonged Altitude Exposure in Well-Trained Runners

Shaun Sutehall, Fernanda Malinsky, Jonathan Shurlock, Guan Wang, Andrew Bosch, Yannis P. Pitsiladis*

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

    3 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) abuse by athletes threatens the integrity of sport. Due to the overlap in physiological response to rHuEpo and altitude exposure, it remains difficult to differentiate changes in hematological variables caused by rHuEpo or altitude, and therefore, other molecular methods to enhance anti-doping should be explored.

    Objective: To identify the hematological and transcriptomic response to prolonged altitude exposure typical of practices used by elite athletes.

    Design: Longitudinal study.

    Setting: University of Cape Town and Altitude Training Centre in Ethiopia.

    Participants and Intervention: Fourteen well-trained athletes sojourned to an altitude training camp in Sululta, Ethiopia (∼2400-2500 m above sea level) for 27 days. Blood samples were taken before arrival, 24 hours, and 9, 16, and 24 days after arrival at altitude in addition to 24 hours and 6, 13, and 27 days upon return to sea level.

    Main Outcome Measures: Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and reticulocyte percentage. The transcriptomic response in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed using gene expression microarrays.

    Results: A unique set of 29 and 10 genes were identified to be commonly expressed at every altitude time point in whole blood and PBMC, respectively. There were no genes identified upon return to sea level in whole blood, and only one gene within PBMC.

    Conclusions: The current study has identified a series of unique genes that can now be integrated with genes previously validated for rHuEpo abuse, thereby enabling the differentiation of rHuEpo from altitude exposure.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)E135-E144
    Number of pages10
    JournalClinical Journal of Sport Medicine
    Volume33
    Issue number5
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Sept 2023

    Scopus Subject Areas

    • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
    • Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

    User-Defined Keywords

    • altitude
    • altitude training
    • anti-doping
    • gene set enrichment analysis
    • microarray analysis

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