Abstract
This study examined the possibility of cooperation between human and communicative artificial intelligence (AI) by conducting a prisoner’s dilemma experiment. A 2 (AI vs human partner) × 2 (cooperative vs non-cooperative partner) between-subjects six-trial prisoner’s dilemma experiment was employed. Participants played the strategy game with a cooperative AI, non-cooperative AI, cooperative human, and non-cooperative human partner. Results showed that when partners (both communicative AI and human partners) proposed cooperation on the first trial, 80% to 90% of the participants also cooperated. More than 75% kept the promise and decided to cooperate. About 60% to 80% proposed, committed, and decided to cooperate when their partner proposed and kept the commitment to cooperate across trials, no matter whether the partner was a cooperative human or communicative AI. Overall, participants were more likely to commit and cooperate with cooperative AI partners than with non-cooperative AI and human partners.
Original language | English |
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Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Behaviour and Information Technology |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 9 Aug 2022 |
Scopus Subject Areas
- Social Sciences(all)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Human-Computer Interaction
User-Defined Keywords
- Artificial intelligence
- computers are social actors
- cooperation
- human–AI interaction
- human–machine communication
- social dilemmas