TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation of the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS)
T2 - Evidence from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses
AU - Mak, Jennifer Y.
AU - CHEUNG, Siu Yin
AU - King, Carina C.
AU - Lam, Eddie T.C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2016/4/2
Y1 - 2016/4/2
N2 - There have been extensive studies of local residents’ perception and reaction to the impacts of mega events. However, there is limited empirical research on the social impacts that shape foreign attitudes toward the host country. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS) to examine viewers’ perception of the Olympics hosting country. Participants (N = 483) were based on a convenience sample in a local community of the mid-Atlantic region in the United States. Results of the exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (economic advancement, image enhancement, community enrichment, and turmoil development) with a total variance of 67.59%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that after removing one item, the 13-item OGAS provided a good fit to the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = .97; incremental fit index [IFI] = .97, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .049; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .080). It is concluded that the OGAS is a valid measuring instrument for assessing viewers’ perception of hosting the Olympic Games.
AB - There have been extensive studies of local residents’ perception and reaction to the impacts of mega events. However, there is limited empirical research on the social impacts that shape foreign attitudes toward the host country. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS) to examine viewers’ perception of the Olympics hosting country. Participants (N = 483) were based on a convenience sample in a local community of the mid-Atlantic region in the United States. Results of the exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (economic advancement, image enhancement, community enrichment, and turmoil development) with a total variance of 67.59%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that after removing one item, the 13-item OGAS provided a good fit to the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = .97; incremental fit index [IFI] = .97, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .049; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .080). It is concluded that the OGAS is a valid measuring instrument for assessing viewers’ perception of hosting the Olympic Games.
KW - community enrichment
KW - economic advancement
KW - image enhancement
KW - turmoil development
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84961212982&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/1091367X.2016.1146143
DO - 10.1080/1091367X.2016.1146143
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:84961212982
SN - 1091-367X
VL - 20
SP - 99
EP - 111
JO - Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
JF - Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
IS - 2
ER -