TY - GEN
T1 - Two Cognitive Systems, Two Implications, and Selection Tasks
AU - Bobrova, Angelina
AU - Pietarinen, Ahti Veikko
N1 - Funding Information:
A.-V. Pietarinen—The paper was prepared by RFBR, project number 20-011-00227 A (first author), and within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project ‘5–100’.
Funding Information:
A.-V. Pietarinen?The paper was prepared by RFBR, project number 20-011-00227 A (first author), and within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project ?5?100?.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2020/9/9
Y1 - 2020/9/9
N2 - Dual-process theories of reasoning take for granted the fundamental difference between the two cognitive systems, Systems 1 and 2. This paper, in contrast, argues that System 1, which is responsible for fast, intuitive, associative, and effortless reasoning, can be explained to be just as logical as System 2, which is said to draw consequences in rule-based, rational and criticised fashions. The only difference between the two systems is argued to be that the former draws conclusions in a logic which is diagrammatic, and moreover a positive and implicational fragment of ordinary, classical logic. Such a fundamental connection between the two systems is then applied to explain away cognitive biases in the Wason card selection task. The selection task thus ceases to represent a paradigm case of confirmation bias, because both systems of reasoning exhibit important processes of logical inferences.
AB - Dual-process theories of reasoning take for granted the fundamental difference between the two cognitive systems, Systems 1 and 2. This paper, in contrast, argues that System 1, which is responsible for fast, intuitive, associative, and effortless reasoning, can be explained to be just as logical as System 2, which is said to draw consequences in rule-based, rational and criticised fashions. The only difference between the two systems is argued to be that the former draws conclusions in a logic which is diagrammatic, and moreover a positive and implicational fragment of ordinary, classical logic. Such a fundamental connection between the two systems is then applied to explain away cognitive biases in the Wason card selection task. The selection task thus ceases to represent a paradigm case of confirmation bias, because both systems of reasoning exhibit important processes of logical inferences.
KW - Cognition
KW - Diagrammatic logic
KW - Dual-processes
KW - Logic
KW - Peirce’s graphs
KW - Positive implication
KW - Wason card selection task
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091556631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-57506-9_15
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-57506-9_15
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85091556631
SN - 9783030575052
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
SP - 195
EP - 205
BT - Software Engineering and Formal Methods
A2 - Camara, Javier
A2 - Steffen, Martin
PB - Springer Cham
T2 - 3rd International Workshop on Formal Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems, CoSim-CPS 2019, International Workshop on Automated and verifiable Software System Development, ASYDE 2019, International Workshop on Cognition: Interdisciplinary Foundations, Models and Applications, CIFMA 2019 and 17th International Workshop on Foundations of Coordination Languages and Self-Adaptiveness of Software Applications, FOCLASA 2019, co-located with the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods, SEFM 2019
Y2 - 16 September 2019 through 20 September 2019
ER -