Treatment and early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Opportunities of nanotechnology

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence in the elderly. As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is rising each year. However, current clinical treatments cannot cure PD, but only alleviate the symptoms. Early diagnosis of PD can enable the detection and treatment of the lesions in time to effectively control the progress of the disease. Thus, there is an urgent need of the development of new methods for the early diagnosis and treatments of PD. In this review, we focus on the novel nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches and biomarker-based early diagnosis for PD. In addition, the early diagnosis methods using the exosomes in various body fluid samples of PD patients were also summarized. Challenges and prospects of nanotechnology in the treatment and early diagnosis of PD are also discussed.