TY - JOUR
T1 - Tracking SO2 plumes from the Tonga volcano eruption with multi-satellite observations
AU - Xia, Congzi
AU - Liu, Cheng
AU - Cai, Zhaonan
AU - Wu, Hongyu
AU - Li, Qingxiang
AU - Gao, Meng
N1 - This work was supported by the 2021 Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology Research Platform Project, Guangdong Provincial Smart Vocational Education Engineering Technology Research Center (2021A118), Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (Natural Science) (2022KCXTD047), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42225504) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3700100). The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing the Sentinal-5 Precursor products. TROPOMI was developed by ESA and The Netherlands Space Office.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors.
PY - 2024/4/19
Y1 - 2024/4/19
N2 - The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano eruption received worldwide attention due to its magnitude and potential effects on environment and climate. However, the operational sulfur dioxide (SO2) products mis-estimated SO2 emissions under volcanic conditions due to large uncertainties in the assumptions of SO2 plume altitude. That might have occurred in previous volcanic eruptions and misled understanding of the evolution of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere and their impact on global climate. Here, we simultaneously retrieved the volcanic SO2 and its plume altitude from the Troposphere Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Environment Monitoring Instrument-2 (EMI-2), exploring the SO2 burden, distribution, and evolution from January 14 to 17. We captured multiple eruptions with the second eruption emitting far more SO2 than the first. Total emissions exceeded 900 kt, significantly higher than those from operational products. Our inferred emission fluxes and injection heights offer valuable references for climate modeling and submarine volcano studies.
AB - The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano eruption received worldwide attention due to its magnitude and potential effects on environment and climate. However, the operational sulfur dioxide (SO2) products mis-estimated SO2 emissions under volcanic conditions due to large uncertainties in the assumptions of SO2 plume altitude. That might have occurred in previous volcanic eruptions and misled understanding of the evolution of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere and their impact on global climate. Here, we simultaneously retrieved the volcanic SO2 and its plume altitude from the Troposphere Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Environment Monitoring Instrument-2 (EMI-2), exploring the SO2 burden, distribution, and evolution from January 14 to 17. We captured multiple eruptions with the second eruption emitting far more SO2 than the first. Total emissions exceeded 900 kt, significantly higher than those from operational products. Our inferred emission fluxes and injection heights offer valuable references for climate modeling and submarine volcano studies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85189012620&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109446
DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109446
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85189012620
SN - 2589-0042
VL - 27
JO - iScience
JF - iScience
IS - 4
M1 - 109446
ER -