Topological considerations for the design of molecular donors with multiple absorbing units

The molecule AT1, with two weakly conjugated chromophores, was designed, synthesized, and examined within the context of its film forming tendencies. While the addition of the second chromophore to the central core enables broadening of the absorption spectrum, this change is mostly apparent in films that are grown slowly. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis indicates that these spectral characteristics correspond to an increase in solid state ordering. This information, in combination with differential scanning calorimetry, suggests that the overall molecular shape provides a kinetic barrier to crystallization. As a result, one finds the absence of molecular order when AT1 is combined with PC₇₁BM in solution-cast blends. These findings highlight the importance of molecular topology when designing molecular components for solar cell devices.