TY - JOUR
T1 - Time-course physiological and transcriptomic study reveals cadmium effects on antioxidant, apoptosis, and immunity in the kidney of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata
AU - Yin, Hao Fei
AU - Pu, Jia Jia
AU - Shi, Hong Lei
AU - Zhao, Xing Xing
AU - Qiu, Jian Wen
AU - Yu, Xiao Ping
AU - Ip, Jack Chi Ho
AU - Yang, Qian Qian
N1 - This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant number LZ24C140006), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 32171668), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang (grant number 2021YW06). JCH was supported by Lingnan University (LU) Research Committee and Research Grants Council (HKSAR)’s Early Career Scheme (23100224) and General Research Fund (12102623)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2025/6/3
Y1 - 2025/6/3
N2 - Cadmium, a common heavy metal found in batteries, coatings, and fertilizers, enters the environment through industrial waste and agricultural runoff, posing significant risks to aquatic life. However, its toxic mechanisms in aquatic invertebrates remain largely unknown. This study investigated the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Toxicity tests showed that adult P. canaliculata exhibited high tolerance to Cd, with a 96-h LC50 of 1.703 mg/L and an EC50 of 0.584 mg/L. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in the kidney. Further examination of kidney tissues revealed a time-dependent increase in Cd bioaccumulation, reaching 61.00 ± 9.10 mg/kg and 119.62 ± 19.45 mg/kg at Days 7 and 21, respectively, under an EC10 of 0.145 mg/L CdCl2. After a 7-day depuration (Day 28), the Cd tissue burden decreased to 64.41 ± 23.13 mg/kg. We also found that the disruption of snails' behavior, cell structure, immunity, and apoptosis was potentially associated with Cd bioaccumulation and its toxicity. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that Cd exposure induced 3251, 2840, and 1574 differentially expressed genes at Days 7, 21, and 28, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed impairment of multiple cellular functions at different phases: (1) Short-term treatment affected xenobiotic metabolism and protein degradation, leading to rapid Cd accumulation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage; (2) Long-term exposure disrupted various metabolic pathways, resulting in elevated stress levels; and (3) After depuration, reactivation of amino acid biosynthesis and ribosome function indicated a recovery phase, although the snails had not yet returned to a healthy state. Our findings enhance the understanding of the toxic mechanisms of Cd in gastropods and contribute to the development of P. canaliculata as a valuable organism for pollution and ecotoxicological studies in freshwater ecosystems.
AB - Cadmium, a common heavy metal found in batteries, coatings, and fertilizers, enters the environment through industrial waste and agricultural runoff, posing significant risks to aquatic life. However, its toxic mechanisms in aquatic invertebrates remain largely unknown. This study investigated the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Toxicity tests showed that adult P. canaliculata exhibited high tolerance to Cd, with a 96-h LC50 of 1.703 mg/L and an EC50 of 0.584 mg/L. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in the kidney. Further examination of kidney tissues revealed a time-dependent increase in Cd bioaccumulation, reaching 61.00 ± 9.10 mg/kg and 119.62 ± 19.45 mg/kg at Days 7 and 21, respectively, under an EC10 of 0.145 mg/L CdCl2. After a 7-day depuration (Day 28), the Cd tissue burden decreased to 64.41 ± 23.13 mg/kg. We also found that the disruption of snails' behavior, cell structure, immunity, and apoptosis was potentially associated with Cd bioaccumulation and its toxicity. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that Cd exposure induced 3251, 2840, and 1574 differentially expressed genes at Days 7, 21, and 28, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed impairment of multiple cellular functions at different phases: (1) Short-term treatment affected xenobiotic metabolism and protein degradation, leading to rapid Cd accumulation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage; (2) Long-term exposure disrupted various metabolic pathways, resulting in elevated stress levels; and (3) After depuration, reactivation of amino acid biosynthesis and ribosome function indicated a recovery phase, although the snails had not yet returned to a healthy state. Our findings enhance the understanding of the toxic mechanisms of Cd in gastropods and contribute to the development of P. canaliculata as a valuable organism for pollution and ecotoxicological studies in freshwater ecosystems.
KW - Aquatic invertebrate
KW - Cadmium exposure
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Renal injury
KW - Transcriptome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105007154347&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749125009741?via%3Dihub
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126601
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126601
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:105007154347
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 381
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 126601
ER -
