TY - JOUR
T1 - The Nonviolent Communication Behaviors Scale
T2 - Cross-Cultural Validity and Association with Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress
AU - Fung, Hong Wang
AU - Chau, Anson Kai Chun
AU - Yuan, Guangzhe Frank
AU - Liu, Caimeng
AU - Lam, Stanley Kam Ki
N1 - Funding Information:
The first author received The RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme 2022/2023 from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.
PY - 2023/12/25
Y1 - 2023/12/25
N2 - Purpose: This study examined the cross-cultural validity of nonviolent communication (NVC) behaviors as measured using the Nonviolent Communication Behaviors Scale (NVCBS) and explored their potential relationship with post-traumatic stress (PTS). Methods: We analyzed data from two samples (N = 412 Chinese adults and N = 283 English-speaking adults). Results: The best-fitting model of NVCBS was the proposed three-factor model (“self-connection,” “authentic self-expression,” and “empathic listening”), with configural, metric, and scalar invariance established across samples with different languages and sociocultural backgrounds. The NVCBS had satisfactory internal consistency and convergent validity and was negatively associated with PTS. The findings were replicated across the two samples. Discussion: NVC behaviors can be reliably and validly measured using the NVCBS. Given its brevity and measurement invariance across cultures, the NVCBS is a promising tool to facilitate future studies on NVC. Moreover, a lack of NVC behaviors may be a social-behavioral feature associated with PTS.
AB - Purpose: This study examined the cross-cultural validity of nonviolent communication (NVC) behaviors as measured using the Nonviolent Communication Behaviors Scale (NVCBS) and explored their potential relationship with post-traumatic stress (PTS). Methods: We analyzed data from two samples (N = 412 Chinese adults and N = 283 English-speaking adults). Results: The best-fitting model of NVCBS was the proposed three-factor model (“self-connection,” “authentic self-expression,” and “empathic listening”), with configural, metric, and scalar invariance established across samples with different languages and sociocultural backgrounds. The NVCBS had satisfactory internal consistency and convergent validity and was negatively associated with PTS. The findings were replicated across the two samples. Discussion: NVC behaviors can be reliably and validly measured using the NVCBS. Given its brevity and measurement invariance across cultures, the NVCBS is a promising tool to facilitate future studies on NVC. Moreover, a lack of NVC behaviors may be a social-behavioral feature associated with PTS.
KW - betrayal trauma
KW - cross-cultural psychology
KW - nonviolent communication (NVC)
KW - post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
KW - the nonviolent communication behaviors scale (NVCBS)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180829150&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/10497315231221969
DO - 10.1177/10497315231221969
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85180829150
SN - 1049-7315
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Research on Social Work Practice
JF - Research on Social Work Practice
ER -
