The Future of the International System – Part 3

This paper (the third in this miniseries) explores the evolving international system shaped by both state and non-state actors, emphasising the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI). It outlines the fragmentation of global power into six major geopolitical dominions and highlights the growing influence of non-state actors, including multinational corporations (MNCs), NGOs, and violent non-state actors, challenging traditional state-centric views.

MNCs wield significant economic, political, and security influence, shaping global governance and conflict dynamics. Furthermore, AI is presented as a disruptive power multiplier that enhances capabilities across military, economic, and informational domains, while democratising power among non-state actors and introducing new security risks. This paper argues that AI may emerge as a geopolitical actor, reshaping the infrastructure of global power through its integration into networks.

Finally, the concept of a ” multiplex ” world order is introduced, characterised by decentralisation, cultural diversity, regionalism, and a complex interplay of conflict and cooperation among diverse actors.