The Evolution of Macao's Identity: Toward Ethno-cultural and Civic-based Development

It has been taken for granted that a very unique Macao identity has been evolving after more than 450 years of Portuguese rule and cultural influence. Quantitative research, however, shows that in fact the majority of the Macao people identify themselves as Chinese. This paper analyzes the evolution of Macao's identity along the lines of the ethno-cultural versus civic identity theoretical framework. A pilot study among some Macao students provides preliminary insights into the question of what constitutes Macao's cultural identity. The structural difficulties of the development of the Macao identity and the possibility of an emerging civic identity are examined.