明代通俗文献用字趋向的雅俗分化及其原因

通过《金瓶梅》（两种版本）、《水浒传》（三种版本）、《西游记》（两种版本）间的版本异文，《清平山堂话本》与《古今小说》、《警世通言》、《拍案惊奇》相关篇目间的文献异文，发现不同的版本和文献用字存在雅俗两种趋向。用字面貌趋雅的一类小说文本主要是受其背后的规范化用字策略影响，这与该类文本的创作目的、创作者的知识文化水平、书商的生产销售意愿、定位的消费、阅读群体密切相关。小说文献内部用字的雅俗分化真实反映了不同文本在社会各阶层的分流，不仅是语言学、文字学的问题，还是社会学的问题。

Through variants in two versions of Jinpingmei, three versions of Shuihuzhuan, two versions of Journey to the west, and Qingpingshantang Huaben, Gujin Xiaoshuo, Jingshi Tongyan, Paian Jingqi, it is found that：there are two trends of elegance and vulgarity in different versions and literature characters. A kind of novel texts with elegant features are mainly influenced by the strategies of using standard characters behind them, which are closely related to the creation purpose, the knowledge and culture level of the authors, the willingness of booksellers to produce and sell, the targeted consumption and reading group. The elegance and vulgarity of the characters in the literature of the novel truly reflects the divergence of different texts in different social strata, which is not only a problem of linguistics and philology, but also a problem of sociology.