TY - JOUR
T1 - Synergistic disinfection of aerosolized bacteria and bacteriophage by far-UVC (222-nm) and negative air ions
AU - Lu, Y. H.
AU - Wu, H.
AU - Zhang, H. H.
AU - Li, W. S.
AU - Lai, A. C. K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was fully supported by Research Impact Fund from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China ( R1016-20F ). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Ushio, Inc for providing us with a 222-nm excimer lamp used in these tests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/1/5
Y1 - 2023/1/5
N2 - Air ionizers and 222-nm krypton-chlorine (KrCl) excilamp have proven to be effective disinfection apparatus for bacteria and viruses with limited health risks. We determined inactivation efficiencies by operating them individually and in combined modules. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, non-enveloped dsDNA virus, and enveloped dsRNA virus were examined in a designed air disinfection system. Our results showed that the bioaerosols were inactivated efficiently by negative ionizers and far-UVC (222-nm), either used individually or in combination. Among which the combined modules of negative ionizers and KrCl excilamp had the best disinfection performance for the bacteria. The aerosolized virus P22 and Phi 6 were more susceptible to 222-nm emitted by KrCl excilamp than negative air ions. Significant greater inactivation of bacterial bioaerosols were identified after treated by combined treatment of negative air ion and far-UVC for 2 minutes (Escherichia coli, 6.25 natural log (ln) reduction; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 3.66 ln reduction), as compared to the mean sum value of inactivation results by respective individual treatment of negative ionizers and KrCl excilamp (Escherichia coli, 4.34 ln; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1.75 ln), indicating a synergistic inactivation effect. The findings provide important baseline data to support the design and development of safe and high-efficient disinfection systems.
AB - Air ionizers and 222-nm krypton-chlorine (KrCl) excilamp have proven to be effective disinfection apparatus for bacteria and viruses with limited health risks. We determined inactivation efficiencies by operating them individually and in combined modules. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, non-enveloped dsDNA virus, and enveloped dsRNA virus were examined in a designed air disinfection system. Our results showed that the bioaerosols were inactivated efficiently by negative ionizers and far-UVC (222-nm), either used individually or in combination. Among which the combined modules of negative ionizers and KrCl excilamp had the best disinfection performance for the bacteria. The aerosolized virus P22 and Phi 6 were more susceptible to 222-nm emitted by KrCl excilamp than negative air ions. Significant greater inactivation of bacterial bioaerosols were identified after treated by combined treatment of negative air ion and far-UVC for 2 minutes (Escherichia coli, 6.25 natural log (ln) reduction; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 3.66 ln reduction), as compared to the mean sum value of inactivation results by respective individual treatment of negative ionizers and KrCl excilamp (Escherichia coli, 4.34 ln; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1.75 ln), indicating a synergistic inactivation effect. The findings provide important baseline data to support the design and development of safe and high-efficient disinfection systems.
KW - 222-nm far-UVC
KW - Air ions
KW - Airborne pathogen disinfection
KW - Bioaerosols
KW - Synergistic disinfection effect
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137398338&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129876
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129876
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36087531
AN - SCOPUS:85137398338
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 441
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 129876
ER -
