TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial variation of sources and photochemistry of formaldehyde in Wuhan, Central China
AU - Zeng, Pei
AU - Lyu, Xiaopu
AU - Guo, Hai
AU - Cheng, Hairong
AU - Wang, Zuwu
AU - Liu, Xufei
AU - Zhang, Weihao
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant numbers 2017YFC0212603 , 2017YFC0212001 , 2016YFC0200905 ), the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center via grant (grant number WHZCZB20166524 ), Wuhan Youth Science and Technology Program (grant number 2017050304010310 ), the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41673102 ), and the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume & Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University (Grant No. HBIK2014-02 ).
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant numbers 2017YFC0212603, 2017YFC0212001, 2016YFC0200905), the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center via grant (grant number WHZCZB20166524), Wuhan Youth Science and Technology Program (grant number 2017050304010310), the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41673102), and the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume & Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University (Grant No. HBIK2014-02).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - In August 2016, ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) and related parameters were measured simultaneously at a suburban site (Wujiashan, WJS), an urban site (Ziyang, ZY) and a roadside site (Hankou, HK) in Wuhan, Central China. The mixing ratios of HCHO at WJS (2.1 ± 0.2 ppbv) were comparable (p > 0.05) to those at ZY (2.2 ± 0.4 ppbv) and lower (p < 0.01) than those at HK (3.4 ± 0.5 ppbv). Secondary formation made the greatest contributions to ambient HCHO at WJS (61.9 ± 5.9%) and ZY (69.3 ± 7.3%), while vehicle exhaust (i.e., diesel and CNG exhaust, gasoline exhaust) (47.2 ± 10.4%) was the dominant HCHO source at HK. Vehicle exhaust was also the dominant primary source of HCHO at WJS and ZY, accounting for 16.0 ± 4.0%, and 21.9 ± 8.0%, respectively. Biogenic emissions made a non-negligible contribution at suburban site WJS (9.8 ± 3.2%). The precursors of the secondary HCHO were investigated using a photochemical box model. Alkenes and aromatics were found to be the most important contributors to secondary HCHO. The impact of observed HCHO on the production of hydroperoxy radical (HO2) and ozone (O3) were also assessed. The photochemical reactions of HCHO (i.e., the photolysis and OH-initiated oxidation of HCHO) accounted for 10.5 ± 0.6%, 10.6 ± 0.8% and 14.8 ± 0.9% to the formation of HO2 at WJS, ZY and HK, respectively, and reducing HCHO led to a considerable decrease in O3 formation. This study demonstrates the important roles of vehicle exhaust and secondary formation in the sources of HCHO, which have significant photochemical relevance. Attention should be paid to HCHO to control the photochemical pollution in Wuhan effectively.
AB - In August 2016, ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) and related parameters were measured simultaneously at a suburban site (Wujiashan, WJS), an urban site (Ziyang, ZY) and a roadside site (Hankou, HK) in Wuhan, Central China. The mixing ratios of HCHO at WJS (2.1 ± 0.2 ppbv) were comparable (p > 0.05) to those at ZY (2.2 ± 0.4 ppbv) and lower (p < 0.01) than those at HK (3.4 ± 0.5 ppbv). Secondary formation made the greatest contributions to ambient HCHO at WJS (61.9 ± 5.9%) and ZY (69.3 ± 7.3%), while vehicle exhaust (i.e., diesel and CNG exhaust, gasoline exhaust) (47.2 ± 10.4%) was the dominant HCHO source at HK. Vehicle exhaust was also the dominant primary source of HCHO at WJS and ZY, accounting for 16.0 ± 4.0%, and 21.9 ± 8.0%, respectively. Biogenic emissions made a non-negligible contribution at suburban site WJS (9.8 ± 3.2%). The precursors of the secondary HCHO were investigated using a photochemical box model. Alkenes and aromatics were found to be the most important contributors to secondary HCHO. The impact of observed HCHO on the production of hydroperoxy radical (HO2) and ozone (O3) were also assessed. The photochemical reactions of HCHO (i.e., the photolysis and OH-initiated oxidation of HCHO) accounted for 10.5 ± 0.6%, 10.6 ± 0.8% and 14.8 ± 0.9% to the formation of HO2 at WJS, ZY and HK, respectively, and reducing HCHO led to a considerable decrease in O3 formation. This study demonstrates the important roles of vehicle exhaust and secondary formation in the sources of HCHO, which have significant photochemical relevance. Attention should be paid to HCHO to control the photochemical pollution in Wuhan effectively.
KW - Central China
KW - Formaldehyde
KW - HO2
KW - Photochemical pollution
KW - Source apportionment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069578630&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116826
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116826
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85069578630
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 214
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
M1 - 116826
ER -
