Sodium doping and 3D honeycomb nanoarchitecture: Key features of covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTF) organocatalyst for enhanced solar-driven advanced oxidation processes

Herein, we designed a novel sodium-doped covalent triazine-based framework with a 3D honeycomb nanoarchitecture (H-CTF-Na) as visible-light-responsive organocatalyst to efficiently drive advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Experimental and theoretical findings reveal that Na doping narrows the band gap by elevating the band edges and the 3D hierarchical nanocellular morphology improves light harvesting and electron transfer. With these merits, H-CTF-Na showed a photoactivity enhancement of 4.9–6.0-fold for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) compared to those of pristine CTFs and g-C₃N₄ through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under visible-light irradiation. The quenching and EPR results indicate that a synergistic effect between photooxidation (h⁺) and PMS activation (^•OH and SO₄^•−) derived from the vigorous capture of photogenerated e⁻ by PMS is responsible for the marked efficacy of H-CTF-Na/vis/PMS system. Moreover, this system exhibited excellent versatility in degrading other organics (such as various phenols and dyes) and good reusability in terms of five high-efficiency recycled uses.