Abstract
Hongkong wird oft als „Einwanderer-Gesellschaft“ bezeichnet, da die Bevölkerung Hongkongs größtenteils aus Einwanderern und ihren Nachkommen besteht, Wenn wir aber die offiziellen Restriktionen und die verbreiteten Vorurteile betrachten,1 kann Hongkong nicht gerade als einwandererfreundlich gelten — obwohl oder gerade wenn die Neu-Einwanderer aus Festland-China kommen, wo auch die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung herstammt. Dieses offenkundige Paradox, mit dem sich unser Aufsatz beschäftigt, kann mit einer Analyse der Einwanderung und der Einwanderungspolitik Hongkongs erklärt werden. Anhand eines Überblicks über die Bedeutung des Bürgerrechts und einer historischen Untersuchung der offiziellen Integrationsstrategien erörtern wir, wie das besondere Bürgerrecht in Hongkong zur Entstehung der „new immigrants“ als ausgeschlossener Gruppe geführt hat. Ausgehend von der Kontroverse über das Recht auf Aufenthalt in Hongkong nach Ende der Kolonialzeit diskutieren wir, wie die Eskalation des Anti-Einwanderungs- Diskurses — der mit dem Verweis auf die Notwendigkeit des Aufbaus einer „Qualitäts-Bevölkerung“ diskriminierende Einwanderungsbestimmungen zu rechtfertigen versucht — zu einer regelrechten Marktförmigkeit des Bürgerrechts geführt hat. Ausgeschlossen werden, so argumentieren wir, nicht nur die Familien, die durch Einwanderungsbeschränkungen getrennt werden, sondern auch Arme, schlecht Ausgebildete und Menschen mit unbrauchbaren Qualifikationen — alle, die nicht in die offizielle postkoloniale Vision von Hongkongs als einer „national world city“ hineinpassen.
Immigration policies in Hong Kong over the postwar period are unified by the claim that the government need to protect Hong Kong from the threat posed by immigration from Mainland China, but with the transition from British to Chinese rule, the characterization of the threat has changed. In the 1970s, as residents in Hong Kong gained social rights, a quota system was strictly enforced to limit the number of immigrants from the Mainland. The restrictions disrupted family self-help, and families split by the quota system became outsiders to an upwardly mobile Hong Kong. There were hopes that restrictions on immigration from the Chinese Mainland could be relaxed after the end of colonial rule. Arguing for a need to match immigration with the demands of economic restructuring, however, the new Hong Kong SAR government continues restrictions on immigration for family reunion, as it introduces schemes for the admission of Mainland 'talents'. To justify the discriminatory rules, the notion of 'population quality' is invoked, which serve also as the basis for a marketization of citizenship. In this tying of social rights to economic contribution, threatened are not just families split by immigration control, but also the poor, the lowly educated, and the inappropriately skilled.
Immigration policies in Hong Kong over the postwar period are unified by the claim that the government need to protect Hong Kong from the threat posed by immigration from Mainland China, but with the transition from British to Chinese rule, the characterization of the threat has changed. In the 1970s, as residents in Hong Kong gained social rights, a quota system was strictly enforced to limit the number of immigrants from the Mainland. The restrictions disrupted family self-help, and families split by the quota system became outsiders to an upwardly mobile Hong Kong. There were hopes that restrictions on immigration from the Chinese Mainland could be relaxed after the end of colonial rule. Arguing for a need to match immigration with the demands of economic restructuring, however, the new Hong Kong SAR government continues restrictions on immigration for family reunion, as it introduces schemes for the admission of Mainland 'talents'. To justify the discriminatory rules, the notion of 'population quality' is invoked, which serve also as the basis for a marketization of citizenship. In this tying of social rights to economic contribution, threatened are not just families split by immigration control, but also the poor, the lowly educated, and the inappropriately skilled.
Translated title of the contribution | Rich Talents, Instead of Poor Children: Citizenship and Exclusion of Mainland Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong |
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Original language | German |
Title of host publication | Migration im Spannungsfeld von Globalisierung und Nationalstaat |
Editors | Dietrich Thränhardt, Uwe Hunger |
Publisher | Westdeutscher Verlag |
Pages | 293–312 |
Number of pages | 20 |
Edition | 1st |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783322804167 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783531138077 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 12 Dec 2003 |
Publication series
Name | Leviathan Sonderhefte |
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Publisher | Westdeutscher Verlag |
Volume | 22 |