TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent Updates on Mouse Models for Human Immunodeficiency, Influenza, and Dengue Viral Infections
AU - Krishnakumar, Vinodhini
AU - DURAIRAJAN, Siva Sundara Kumar
AU - Alagarasu, Kalichamy
AU - Li, Min
AU - Dash, Aditya Prasad
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants ofHMR14150811, HMRF/ 15163481 and GRF/HKBU 12101417 from Hong Kong Government, and also partly by grants from RC-IRCs/17-18/03 from Hong Kong Baptist University.
Publisher copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019/3/13
Y1 - 2019/3/13
N2 - Well-developed mouse models are important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of immunological response to viral infections in humans. Moreover, to test vaccines, anti-viral drugs and therapeutic agents, mouse models are fundamental for preclinical investigations. Human viruses, however, seldom infect mice due to differences in the cellular receptors used by the viruses for entry, as well as in the innate immune responses in mice and humans. In other words, a species barrier exists when using mouse models for investigating human viral infections. Developing transgenic (Tg) mice models expressing the human genes coding for viral entry receptors and knock-out (KO) mice models devoid of components involved in the innate immune response have, to some extent, overcome this barrier. Humanized mouse models are a third approach, developed by engrafting functional human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice. They are becoming indispensable for analyzing human viral diseases since they nearly recapitulate the human disease. These mouse models also serve to test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. This review provides an update on the Tg, KO, and humanized mouse models that are used in studies investigating the pathogenesis of three important human-specific viruses, namely human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus 1, influenza, and dengue.
AB - Well-developed mouse models are important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of immunological response to viral infections in humans. Moreover, to test vaccines, anti-viral drugs and therapeutic agents, mouse models are fundamental for preclinical investigations. Human viruses, however, seldom infect mice due to differences in the cellular receptors used by the viruses for entry, as well as in the innate immune responses in mice and humans. In other words, a species barrier exists when using mouse models for investigating human viral infections. Developing transgenic (Tg) mice models expressing the human genes coding for viral entry receptors and knock-out (KO) mice models devoid of components involved in the innate immune response have, to some extent, overcome this barrier. Humanized mouse models are a third approach, developed by engrafting functional human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice. They are becoming indispensable for analyzing human viral diseases since they nearly recapitulate the human disease. These mouse models also serve to test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. This review provides an update on the Tg, KO, and humanized mouse models that are used in studies investigating the pathogenesis of three important human-specific viruses, namely human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus 1, influenza, and dengue.
KW - Dengue
KW - HIV
KW - Human viruses
KW - Humanized mice
KW - Infectious diseases
KW - Influenza
KW - Knockout mice
KW - Mouse models
KW - Transgenic mice
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063011849&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/v11030252
DO - 10.3390/v11030252
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30871179
AN - SCOPUS:85063011849
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 11
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 3
M1 - 252
ER -