Abstract
Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1)-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) are two highly similar master transcription factors of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that regulates a variety of plant growth and development processes as well as stress responses. Previous genetic and biochemical analyses have established a complex regulatory network to control the two transcription factors. This network includes coordination with other transcription factors and interactors, multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) and differential subcellular localizations. In this review, we systematically detail the functions and regulatory mechanisms of various PTMs: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation/deSUMOylation and oxidation/reduction, in regulating the subcellular localization, protein stability and the transcriptional activity of BES1/BZR1. We also discuss the current knowledge about the BES1/BZR1 interactors mediating the dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 and BZR1.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1544–1551 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Plant and Cell Physiology |
Volume | 65 |
Issue number | 10 |
Early online date | 19 Jun 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2024 |
User-Defined Keywords
- BES1
- BZR1
- Brassinosteroids
- Post-translational regulation