TY - JOUR
T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood in Beijing, China
AU - Yu, Yanxin
AU - Wang, Xilong
AU - Wang, Bin
AU - Tao, Shu
AU - Liu, Wenxin
AU - Wang, Xuejun
AU - Cao, Jun
AU - Li, Bengang
AU - Lu, Xiaoxia
AU - Wong, Ming H.
N1 - This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130754 and 41101490), Beijing Municipal Government (YB20101000101), and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (RGC-ERG-2005-06).
PY - 2011/12/1
Y1 - 2011/12/1
N2 - This paper provides the results of an investigation on dietary intakes and internal doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for nonsmoking women from Beijing, China. Concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood samples from 40 nonsmoking women and for 144 composite food samples covering major food categories. Information on food consumption and estimated ingestion doses of PAHs by the cohort was also collected individually. Relationship among the studied human samples and relative importance of breastfeeding to the total exposure dose of infants were addressed. The median (mean and standard deviation) total concentrations of 15 PAHs in human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood with (or without) fat normalization were 278 (9.30 ± 5.75), 819 (35.9 ± 15.4), and 1370 (5.521 ± 3.71) ng/g of fat, respectively, and the corresponding levels of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (B[a]P equiv) were 11.2 (0.473 ± 0.605), 16.2 (0.717 ± 0.318), and 13.1 (0.140 ± 0.225) ng/g of fat, respectively. The calculated intake of B[a]P equiv by Beijing cohort varied from 0.609 to 4.69 ng•kg -1•day -1 with a median value of 1.93 (2.09 ± 0.921 mean ± standard deviation) ng•kg -1•day -1. Significant correlations were found among human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood (p < 0.05) for low-molecular-weight PAHs, indicating selective transfer potential of individual PAHs from mother to fetus. Internal dose of PAHs was not in proportion to amounts of food ingestion, daily dietary intake, lifestyle, and social-demographic characteristics of the participants (p > 0.05). Ingested doses of PAHs (3.00-102 ng•kg -1•day -1), which were much higher than the inhaled doses (0.152-8.50 ng•kg -1•day -1), were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the recommended reference doses, unlikely to impose any obvious risk based on current knowledge.
AB - This paper provides the results of an investigation on dietary intakes and internal doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for nonsmoking women from Beijing, China. Concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood samples from 40 nonsmoking women and for 144 composite food samples covering major food categories. Information on food consumption and estimated ingestion doses of PAHs by the cohort was also collected individually. Relationship among the studied human samples and relative importance of breastfeeding to the total exposure dose of infants were addressed. The median (mean and standard deviation) total concentrations of 15 PAHs in human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood with (or without) fat normalization were 278 (9.30 ± 5.75), 819 (35.9 ± 15.4), and 1370 (5.521 ± 3.71) ng/g of fat, respectively, and the corresponding levels of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (B[a]P equiv) were 11.2 (0.473 ± 0.605), 16.2 (0.717 ± 0.318), and 13.1 (0.140 ± 0.225) ng/g of fat, respectively. The calculated intake of B[a]P equiv by Beijing cohort varied from 0.609 to 4.69 ng•kg -1•day -1 with a median value of 1.93 (2.09 ± 0.921 mean ± standard deviation) ng•kg -1•day -1. Significant correlations were found among human milk, placenta, and umbilical cord blood (p < 0.05) for low-molecular-weight PAHs, indicating selective transfer potential of individual PAHs from mother to fetus. Internal dose of PAHs was not in proportion to amounts of food ingestion, daily dietary intake, lifestyle, and social-demographic characteristics of the participants (p > 0.05). Ingested doses of PAHs (3.00-102 ng•kg -1•day -1), which were much higher than the inhaled doses (0.152-8.50 ng•kg -1•day -1), were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the recommended reference doses, unlikely to impose any obvious risk based on current knowledge.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=82355165165&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/es202827g
DO - 10.1021/es202827g
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 22032748
AN - SCOPUS:82355165165
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 45
SP - 10235
EP - 10242
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 23
ER -