TY - JOUR
T1 - Phytoavailability and phytovariety codetermine the bioaccumulation risk of heavy metal from soils, focusing on Cd-contaminated vegetable farms around the Pearl River Delta, China
AU - Hu, Junli
AU - Wu, Fuyong
AU - Wu, Shengchun
AU - Sun, Xiaolin
AU - Lin, Xiangui
AU - WONG, Ming Hung
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to acknowledge Dr. Yiming Wang, Dr. Jintian Li, and Mr. Tao Hou, for their assistance in field sampling, and Ms. Wing Tsang, Ms. Pak Ting Chan, and Mr. King Wai Chan, for their assistance in sample analysis, and Ms. Ho Yee Fung and four anonymous reviewers, for their suggestions and comments on manuscript revision and English editing. This work was supported by the General Research Fund ( HKBU 261510 ) and the Special Equipment Grant ( SEG HKBU09 ) of the Research Grants Council of the University Grants Committee, Hong Kong, and the Mini-AoE (Area of Excellence) Fund ( RC/AOE/08–09/01 ) of Hong Kong Baptist University .
PY - 2013/5/1
Y1 - 2013/5/1
N2 - Five random vegetable farms were selected to investigate the bioaccumulation risk of heavy metals (HMs) by different type of vegetables around the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The concentration order of four major HMs in the surface soil samples was Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn, with only Cd concentrations (1.4-1.8mgkg-1) significantly higher than the permissible limit (≤0.3mgkg-1) for agricultural soils. Soil DTPA-extractable (phytoavailable) Cd concentrations differed markedly amongst the five farms, and varied within 0.017-0.17mgkg-1. Meanwhile, 28.0% of vegetable samples collected from these five farms were contaminated with Cd according to the permissible limit (≤0.05mgkg-1), and 71.4% of these polluted samples belonged to stem/leaf vegetables. The average bioaccumulation factors of Cd from cultivated soil to stem/leaf vegetables and melon/fruit/bean vegetables varied within 0.021-0.050 and 0.005-0.020 (soil total Cd basis), and 0.50-2.01 and 0.13-0.53 (soil DTPA-extractable Cd basis), respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that DTPA-extractable Cd, which negatively but significantly correlated (P<0.05) to soil pH, was the key factor in influencing vegetable Cd accumulation, notably stem/leaf vegetables. The results show that Cd was the primary metal of risk in vegetable farms around the PRD region, and stem/leaf vegetables posed about 2.2 times higher health risks associated with exposure to Cd than melon/fruit/bean vegetables.
AB - Five random vegetable farms were selected to investigate the bioaccumulation risk of heavy metals (HMs) by different type of vegetables around the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The concentration order of four major HMs in the surface soil samples was Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn, with only Cd concentrations (1.4-1.8mgkg-1) significantly higher than the permissible limit (≤0.3mgkg-1) for agricultural soils. Soil DTPA-extractable (phytoavailable) Cd concentrations differed markedly amongst the five farms, and varied within 0.017-0.17mgkg-1. Meanwhile, 28.0% of vegetable samples collected from these five farms were contaminated with Cd according to the permissible limit (≤0.05mgkg-1), and 71.4% of these polluted samples belonged to stem/leaf vegetables. The average bioaccumulation factors of Cd from cultivated soil to stem/leaf vegetables and melon/fruit/bean vegetables varied within 0.021-0.050 and 0.005-0.020 (soil total Cd basis), and 0.50-2.01 and 0.13-0.53 (soil DTPA-extractable Cd basis), respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that DTPA-extractable Cd, which negatively but significantly correlated (P<0.05) to soil pH, was the key factor in influencing vegetable Cd accumulation, notably stem/leaf vegetables. The results show that Cd was the primary metal of risk in vegetable farms around the PRD region, and stem/leaf vegetables posed about 2.2 times higher health risks associated with exposure to Cd than melon/fruit/bean vegetables.
KW - Bioaccumulation factor
KW - DTPA-extractable Cd
KW - Health risk
KW - Redundancy analysis
KW - Stem/leaf vegetable
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84875274601&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.001
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 23399100
AN - SCOPUS:84875274601
SN - 0147-6513
VL - 91
SP - 18
EP - 24
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
ER -