TY - JOUR
T1 - Phthalates in dormitory dust and human urine
T2 - A study of exposure characteristics and risk assessments of university students
AU - Hua, Liting
AU - Guo, Sai
AU - Xu, Jiaping
AU - Yang, Xiaomeng
AU - Zhu, Hongkai
AU - Yao, Yiming
AU - Zhu, Lin
AU - Li, Yongcheng
AU - Zhang, Jingran
AU - Sun, Hongwen
AU - Zhao, Hongzhi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42177412 ), National Key Research and Development Program of China ( 2019YFC1804602 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities , Nankai University ( 63201133 and 63211073 ) and Ministry of Education of China ( T2017002 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - Phthalate diesters (PAEs) are prevalent and potentially toxic to human health. The university dormitory represents a typical and relatively uniform indoor environment. This study evaluated the concentrations of phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) in urine samples from 101 residents of university status, and the concentrations of PAEs in dust collected from 36 corresponding dormitories. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, median: 68.0 μg/g) was the major PAE in dust, and mono-ethyl phthalate (47.9 %) was the most abundant mPAE in urine. The levels of both PAEs in dormitory dust and mPAEs in urine were higher in females than in males, indicating higher PAE exposure in females. Differences in lifestyles (dormitory time and plastic product use frequency) may also affect human exposure to PAEs. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between the estimated daily intakes of PAEs calculated by using concentrations of PAEs in dust (EDID) and mPAEs in urine (EDIU), suggesting that PAEs in dust could be a significant source of human exposure to PAEs. The value of EDID/EDIU for low molecular weight PAEs (3–6 carbon atoms in their backbone) was lower than that of high molecular weight PAEs. The contribution rate of various pathways to PAE exposure illustrated that non-dietary ingestion (87.8 %) was the major pathway of human exposure to PAEs in dust. Approximately 4.95 % of university students' hazard quotients of DEHP were >1, indicating that there may be some health risks associated with DEHP exposure among PAEs. Furthermore, it is recommended that some measures be taken to reduce the production and application of DEHP.
AB - Phthalate diesters (PAEs) are prevalent and potentially toxic to human health. The university dormitory represents a typical and relatively uniform indoor environment. This study evaluated the concentrations of phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) in urine samples from 101 residents of university status, and the concentrations of PAEs in dust collected from 36 corresponding dormitories. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, median: 68.0 μg/g) was the major PAE in dust, and mono-ethyl phthalate (47.9 %) was the most abundant mPAE in urine. The levels of both PAEs in dormitory dust and mPAEs in urine were higher in females than in males, indicating higher PAE exposure in females. Differences in lifestyles (dormitory time and plastic product use frequency) may also affect human exposure to PAEs. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between the estimated daily intakes of PAEs calculated by using concentrations of PAEs in dust (EDID) and mPAEs in urine (EDIU), suggesting that PAEs in dust could be a significant source of human exposure to PAEs. The value of EDID/EDIU for low molecular weight PAEs (3–6 carbon atoms in their backbone) was lower than that of high molecular weight PAEs. The contribution rate of various pathways to PAE exposure illustrated that non-dietary ingestion (87.8 %) was the major pathway of human exposure to PAEs in dust. Approximately 4.95 % of university students' hazard quotients of DEHP were >1, indicating that there may be some health risks associated with DEHP exposure among PAEs. Furthermore, it is recommended that some measures be taken to reduce the production and application of DEHP.
KW - Phthalates
KW - Indoor dust
KW - Urine
KW - Exposure
KW - Biomonitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134404111&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157251
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157251
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35817099
AN - SCOPUS:85134404111
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 845
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 157251
ER -