TY - JOUR
T1 - p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones as New Contributors to the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Cao, Guodong
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Chen, Zhifeng
AU - Dong, Chuan
AU - Chen, Jianmin
AU - Cai, Zongwei
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are thankful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation Major Research Plan (91843301) and the Hong Kong General Research Fund (12302722).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/9/13
Y1 - 2022/9/13
N2 - Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to multiple adverse outcomes, where redox-active species-induced oxidative stress is recognized as an important driver of its biotoxicity. Previous studies have proven that the oxidative potential (OP) is a relevant metric for specific acute PM2.5 health effects and is associated with various toxicants, especially organic quinones. However, discrepancies between OP induced by the known components and its total levels caused by PM2.5 remain. Here, we investigated the OP values of a suite of emerging contaminants, five p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-quinones), in PM2.5 using the acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and evaluated their contributions to the total PM2.5-induced OP in five megacities in China. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), a highly toxic quinone responsible for “urban runoff mortality syndrome”, was found to exhibit moderate OP with a DTT consumption rate of 1.70 μM min–1 μM–1. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the estimated OP contribution of the five PPD-quinones was 2.9 ± 2.7% of the total PM2.5-induced OP. This is the first study that reveals a considerable OP induced by the emerging PPD-quinones in urban PM2.5. The data improve our understanding of the toxicity of both PM2.5 and PPD-quinones, which is illuminating for further assessment of the environmental risk they pose.
AB - Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to multiple adverse outcomes, where redox-active species-induced oxidative stress is recognized as an important driver of its biotoxicity. Previous studies have proven that the oxidative potential (OP) is a relevant metric for specific acute PM2.5 health effects and is associated with various toxicants, especially organic quinones. However, discrepancies between OP induced by the known components and its total levels caused by PM2.5 remain. Here, we investigated the OP values of a suite of emerging contaminants, five p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-quinones), in PM2.5 using the acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and evaluated their contributions to the total PM2.5-induced OP in five megacities in China. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), a highly toxic quinone responsible for “urban runoff mortality syndrome”, was found to exhibit moderate OP with a DTT consumption rate of 1.70 μM min–1 μM–1. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the estimated OP contribution of the five PPD-quinones was 2.9 ± 2.7% of the total PM2.5-induced OP. This is the first study that reveals a considerable OP induced by the emerging PPD-quinones in urban PM2.5. The data improve our understanding of the toxicity of both PM2.5 and PPD-quinones, which is illuminating for further assessment of the environmental risk they pose.
KW - 6PPD-Q
KW - DTT assay
KW - atmospheric particulate
KW - oxidative potential
KW - quinone
KW - risk assessment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136292078&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00484
DO - 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00484
M3 - Journal article
SN - 2328-8930
VL - 9
SP - 712
EP - 717
JO - Environmental Science and Technology Letters
JF - Environmental Science and Technology Letters
IS - 9
ER -
