TY - JOUR
T1 - Organic acids in two arsenic hyperaccumulators and a non-hyperaccumulator of Pteris exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations
AU - Wang, Hongbin
AU - Wong, Ming Hung
AU - Lan, Chongyu
AU - Qin, Yongrong
AU - Shu, Wensheng
AU - Qiu, Rongliang
AU - Ye, Zhihong
N1 - Funding Information:
We are especially indebted to Mr. Guangyu Yang (Yunnan Tobacco Science Academy) and Mrs. Qiufen Hu (Yunnan Nationality University) for helping with the analyses of the organic acids. We are also very grateful to National Natural Science Foundation (30770417), NSFC-Guangdong United Foundation (U0833004), Guangdong Natural Science Group Foundation (06202438), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (06202438) and the Research Grant Council of University Grants Committee, Hong Kong (HKBU 2181/03 M). Without their financial support, the work could not have been successfully conducted.
PY - 2011/3
Y1 - 2011/3
N2 - Six organic acids (oxalic, malonic, malic, citric, palmitic and linolenic acid) in two arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators (Pteris multifida and Pteris vittata) and a nonhyperaccumulator fern (Pteris semipinnata) exposed to different As concentrations (0, 5, 20 and 40 mg As L-1) under hydroponic conditions were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fern species were collected from an uncontaminated site, but two As-hyperaccumulators were also collected from an As-contaminated site. Furthermore, the time-course effect of organic acid production in P. multifida and P. semipinnata collected from the uncontaminated site were also studied under 0 and 20 mgAs L-1 treatments with a sampling interval at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h. After esterifying (H2SO4-CH3OH), extracting (CH2Cl2), washing (saturated NaCl) and drying (anhydrous Na2SO4), these organic acids were isolated (Column: HP Ultra 2, 50m×0.2mM× 0.33 μM; Carrier gas: He). There was no significant increase in the concentrations of the six organic acids in the fronds and roots of the three fern species sampled from an uncontaminated site under 5 or 40mgAs L-1 treatments. In addition, there were also no significant differences in the concentrations of organic acids among the three fern species under the same As concentration treatments. Concentrations of malic, oxalic and linolenic acids in the fronds and roots of two As hyperaccumulators collected from an As-contaminated or uncontaminated site and the non-hyperaccumulator collected from an uncontaminated site followed the sequence of malic acid > oxalic acid > linolenic acid. As for timecourse effect, compared to P. semipinnata, a significant increase was observed in concentrations of oxalic and linolenic acid in P. multifida over time under 20mg As L-1 treatment. In general, the changes of organic acid concentrations in As hyperaccumulators did not directly contribute to As accumulation.
AB - Six organic acids (oxalic, malonic, malic, citric, palmitic and linolenic acid) in two arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators (Pteris multifida and Pteris vittata) and a nonhyperaccumulator fern (Pteris semipinnata) exposed to different As concentrations (0, 5, 20 and 40 mg As L-1) under hydroponic conditions were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fern species were collected from an uncontaminated site, but two As-hyperaccumulators were also collected from an As-contaminated site. Furthermore, the time-course effect of organic acid production in P. multifida and P. semipinnata collected from the uncontaminated site were also studied under 0 and 20 mgAs L-1 treatments with a sampling interval at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h. After esterifying (H2SO4-CH3OH), extracting (CH2Cl2), washing (saturated NaCl) and drying (anhydrous Na2SO4), these organic acids were isolated (Column: HP Ultra 2, 50m×0.2mM× 0.33 μM; Carrier gas: He). There was no significant increase in the concentrations of the six organic acids in the fronds and roots of the three fern species sampled from an uncontaminated site under 5 or 40mgAs L-1 treatments. In addition, there were also no significant differences in the concentrations of organic acids among the three fern species under the same As concentration treatments. Concentrations of malic, oxalic and linolenic acids in the fronds and roots of two As hyperaccumulators collected from an As-contaminated or uncontaminated site and the non-hyperaccumulator collected from an uncontaminated site followed the sequence of malic acid > oxalic acid > linolenic acid. As for timecourse effect, compared to P. semipinnata, a significant increase was observed in concentrations of oxalic and linolenic acid in P. multifida over time under 20mg As L-1 treatment. In general, the changes of organic acid concentrations in As hyperaccumulators did not directly contribute to As accumulation.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Fern
KW - GC-MS
KW - Hyperaccumulator
KW - Organic acids
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79951886903&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/03067310903244447
DO - 10.1080/03067310903244447
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:79951886903
SN - 0306-7319
VL - 91
SP - 241
EP - 254
JO - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
JF - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
IS - 3
ER -
