Optimizing Stem Strength and Yield Stability by Combining Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Application Across Different Sowing Dates

Yinsen Qian; Umair Sarfraz; Huawen Bian; Quan Ma; Xiaoqi Gu; Fujian Li; Ying Li; Min Zhu; Chunyan Li; Jinfeng Ding; Wenshan Guo; Xinkai Zhu

doi:10.3390/agronomy15051253

Optimizing Stem Strength and Yield Stability by Combining Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Application Across Different Sowing Dates

Yinsen Qian, Umair Sarfraz, Huawen Bian, Quan Ma, Xiaoqi Gu, Fujian Li, Ying Li, Min Zhu, Chunyan Li, Jinfeng Ding, Wenshan Guo, Xinkai Zhu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

Abstract

The delayed sowing date and basal internode lodging caused by climate change are major constraints on wheat productivity. To investigate the effects of varying sowing dates and fertilization application regimes on wheat yield and lodging resistance, a two-year field experiment was conducted with two sowing dates and five fertilization application regimes. Results revealed that the T2 sowing period caused grain yield reductions of 43.82% and 29.82% over two consecutive years, accompanied by shortened second basal internode length and decreased plant height, although lignin content increased significantly. Among fertilization treatments, S4 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength of the second basal internode, achieving both higher yield and superior lodging resistance. We propose combining controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) with urea across different sowing dates to optimize productivity and stem stability. These strategies tackle climate-driven sowing delays and lodging while maximizing yield potential.

Original language	English
Article number	1253
Number of pages	19
Journal	Agronomy
Volume	15
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051253
Publication status	Published - 21 May 2025

User-Defined Keywords

sowing date
controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer
wheat yield
lodging resistance

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/agronomy15051253

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title = "Optimizing Stem Strength and Yield Stability by Combining Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Application Across Different Sowing Dates",

abstract = "The delayed sowing date and basal internode lodging caused by climate change are major constraints on wheat productivity. To investigate the effects of varying sowing dates and fertilization application regimes on wheat yield and lodging resistance, a two-year field experiment was conducted with two sowing dates and five fertilization application regimes. Results revealed that the T2 sowing period caused grain yield reductions of 43.82% and 29.82% over two consecutive years, accompanied by shortened second basal internode length and decreased plant height, although lignin content increased significantly. Among fertilization treatments, S4 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength of the second basal internode, achieving both higher yield and superior lodging resistance. We propose combining controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) with urea across different sowing dates to optimize productivity and stem stability. These strategies tackle climate-driven sowing delays and lodging while maximizing yield potential.",

keywords = "sowing date, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, wheat yield, lodging resistance",

author = "Yinsen Qian and Umair Sarfraz and Huawen Bian and Quan Ma and Xiaoqi Gu and Fujian Li and Ying Li and Min Zhu and Chunyan Li and Jinfeng Ding and Wenshan Guo and Xinkai Zhu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 by the authors. Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD2300302), the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX23_3572), and the Doctoral Research Initiation Grant Program of Suzhou University 2023BSK059.",

year = "2025",

month = may,

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doi = "10.3390/agronomy15051253",

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T1 - Optimizing Stem Strength and Yield Stability by Combining Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Application Across Different Sowing Dates

AU - Qian, Yinsen

AU - Sarfraz, Umair

AU - Bian, Huawen

AU - Ma, Quan

AU - Gu, Xiaoqi

AU - Li, Fujian

AU - Li, Ying

AU - Zhu, Min

AU - Li, Chunyan

AU - Ding, Jinfeng

AU - Guo, Wenshan

AU - Zhu, Xinkai

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD2300302), the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX23_3572), and the Doctoral Research Initiation Grant Program of Suzhou University 2023BSK059.

PY - 2025/5/21

Y1 - 2025/5/21

N2 - The delayed sowing date and basal internode lodging caused by climate change are major constraints on wheat productivity. To investigate the effects of varying sowing dates and fertilization application regimes on wheat yield and lodging resistance, a two-year field experiment was conducted with two sowing dates and five fertilization application regimes. Results revealed that the T2 sowing period caused grain yield reductions of 43.82% and 29.82% over two consecutive years, accompanied by shortened second basal internode length and decreased plant height, although lignin content increased significantly. Among fertilization treatments, S4 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength of the second basal internode, achieving both higher yield and superior lodging resistance. We propose combining controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) with urea across different sowing dates to optimize productivity and stem stability. These strategies tackle climate-driven sowing delays and lodging while maximizing yield potential.

AB - The delayed sowing date and basal internode lodging caused by climate change are major constraints on wheat productivity. To investigate the effects of varying sowing dates and fertilization application regimes on wheat yield and lodging resistance, a two-year field experiment was conducted with two sowing dates and five fertilization application regimes. Results revealed that the T2 sowing period caused grain yield reductions of 43.82% and 29.82% over two consecutive years, accompanied by shortened second basal internode length and decreased plant height, although lignin content increased significantly. Among fertilization treatments, S4 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength of the second basal internode, achieving both higher yield and superior lodging resistance. We propose combining controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) with urea across different sowing dates to optimize productivity and stem stability. These strategies tackle climate-driven sowing delays and lodging while maximizing yield potential.

KW - sowing date

KW - controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer

KW - wheat yield

KW - lodging resistance

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Optimizing Stem Strength and Yield Stability by Combining Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Application Across Different Sowing Dates

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