On measuring cost of quality dimensions: An exploratory study in the People's Republic of China

This study designed new quality scales to measure 2 prevention-appraisal-failure constructs, (1) product quality's strategic importance construct and (2) nonfinancial/financial disclosure constructs. Three of these scales exhibited consistently uniform dimensionality results, loading patterns, reliabilities, and convergent/divergent validity. Instead of relying on only 1 sample and 1 extraction method this study's results used 3 samples and 2 extraction methods. First, exploratory factor analysis was used, and results were compared against those produced by a nonlinear principal component technique rescaling the data as ordinal. The use of multiple samples and multiple extraction represented an effort to produce robust measurement results independent of a single sample's and a single extraction technique's characteristics.