TY - JOUR
T1 - Not all discounts are created equal
T2 - Regional activity and brain networks in temporal and effort discounting
AU - Varma, Mohith M.
AU - Zhen, Shanshan
AU - Yu, Rongjun
N1 - This research was supported by Hong Kong Baptist University Research Committee (RC OFSGT2/20–21, RNHA202101) and CityU Start-up Grant (9610626).
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/10/15
Y1 - 2023/10/15
N2 - Reward outcomes associated with costs like time delay and effort investment are generally discounted in decision-making. Standard economic models predict rewards associated with different types of costs are devalued in a similar manner. However, our review of rodent lesion studies indicated partial dissociations between brain regions supporting temporal- and effort-based decision-making. Another debate is whether options involving low and high costs are processed in different brain substrates (dual-system) or in the same regions (single-system). This research addressed these issues using coordinate-based, connectivity-based, and activation network-based meta-analyses to identify overlapping and separable neural systems supporting temporal (39 studies) and effort (20 studies) discounting. Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation and resting-state connectivity analyses showed immediate-small reward and delayed-large reward choices engaged distinct regions with unique connectivity profiles, but their activation network mapping was found to engage the default mode network. For effort discounting, salience and sensorimotor networks supported low-effort choices, while the frontoparietal network supported high-effort choices. There was little overlap between the temporal and effort networks. Our findings underscore the importance of differentiating different types of costs in decision-making and understanding discounting at both regional and network levels.
AB - Reward outcomes associated with costs like time delay and effort investment are generally discounted in decision-making. Standard economic models predict rewards associated with different types of costs are devalued in a similar manner. However, our review of rodent lesion studies indicated partial dissociations between brain regions supporting temporal- and effort-based decision-making. Another debate is whether options involving low and high costs are processed in different brain substrates (dual-system) or in the same regions (single-system). This research addressed these issues using coordinate-based, connectivity-based, and activation network-based meta-analyses to identify overlapping and separable neural systems supporting temporal (39 studies) and effort (20 studies) discounting. Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation and resting-state connectivity analyses showed immediate-small reward and delayed-large reward choices engaged distinct regions with unique connectivity profiles, but their activation network mapping was found to engage the default mode network. For effort discounting, salience and sensorimotor networks supported low-effort choices, while the frontoparietal network supported high-effort choices. There was little overlap between the temporal and effort networks. Our findings underscore the importance of differentiating different types of costs in decision-making and understanding discounting at both regional and network levels.
KW - Activation network analysis
KW - Dual-system
KW - Effort
KW - Temporal discounting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171594319&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120363
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120363
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37673412
AN - SCOPUS:85171594319
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 280
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
M1 - 120363
ER -