TY - JOUR
T1 - Nonphthalate Plasticizers in House Dust from Multiple Countries: An Increasing Threat to Humans
AU - Tan, Hongli
AU - Yang, Liu
AU - Liang, Xiaolin
AU - Huang, Diedie
AU - Qiao, Xinhang
AU - Dai, Qingyuan
AU - Chen, Da
AU - Cai, Zongwei
N1 - Funding Information:
The present study was financially supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR (No. GRF12303321), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC1803402), and the Guangdong (China) Innovative and Enterpreneurial Research Team Program (No. 2016ZT06N258). The authors thank the families who participated in our study and those who helped collect the samples.
Publisher copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
PY - 2023/3/7
Y1 - 2023/3/7
N2 - Along with the restrictions of phthalate esters (PAEs), a variety of nonphthalate plasticizers (NPPs) have been increasingly used for industrial needs. Knowledge remains limited on the environmental occurrences, fate, and human exposure risks of many emerging NPPs. In this study, we investigated a suite of 45 NPPs along with the major PAEs in house dust from five regions in the Asia-Pacific region and the United States. The findings clearly demonstrated ubiquitous occurrences of many NPPs in the home environment, particularly acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), tricapryl trimellitate (TCTM), trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), glycerol monooleate (GMO), methyl oleate (MO), and diisobutyl adipate (DiBA). The median total concentrations of NPPs ranged from 17.8 to 252 μg/g in the study regions, while the mean ratios of ΣNPPs to ΣPAEs ranged from 0.19 (Hanoi) to 0.72 (Adelaide). Spatial differences were observed not only for the chemical abundances but also for the composition profiles and the hazard quotient (HQ) prioritization of individual chemicals. Although the current exposure may unlikely cause significant health risks according to the HQ estimation, potential exposure risks cannot be overlooked, due to the lack of appropriate toxic threshold data, the existence of additional exposure pathways, and possible cocktail effects from coexisting NPPs and PAEs.
AB - Along with the restrictions of phthalate esters (PAEs), a variety of nonphthalate plasticizers (NPPs) have been increasingly used for industrial needs. Knowledge remains limited on the environmental occurrences, fate, and human exposure risks of many emerging NPPs. In this study, we investigated a suite of 45 NPPs along with the major PAEs in house dust from five regions in the Asia-Pacific region and the United States. The findings clearly demonstrated ubiquitous occurrences of many NPPs in the home environment, particularly acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), tricapryl trimellitate (TCTM), trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), glycerol monooleate (GMO), methyl oleate (MO), and diisobutyl adipate (DiBA). The median total concentrations of NPPs ranged from 17.8 to 252 μg/g in the study regions, while the mean ratios of ΣNPPs to ΣPAEs ranged from 0.19 (Hanoi) to 0.72 (Adelaide). Spatial differences were observed not only for the chemical abundances but also for the composition profiles and the hazard quotient (HQ) prioritization of individual chemicals. Although the current exposure may unlikely cause significant health risks according to the HQ estimation, potential exposure risks cannot be overlooked, due to the lack of appropriate toxic threshold data, the existence of additional exposure pathways, and possible cocktail effects from coexisting NPPs and PAEs.
KW - house dust
KW - human exposure
KW - multiple regions
KW - nonphthalate plasticizers
KW - phthalate esters
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148954894&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.2c08110
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.2c08110
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 57
SP - 3634
EP - 3644
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 9
ER -
