TY - JOUR
T1 - Mixed exposure to phthalates and organic UV filters affects Children's pubertal development in a gender-specific manner
AU - Zhou, Yuhan
AU - Wang, Pengpeng
AU - Li, Jiufeng
AU - Zhao, Yingya
AU - Huang, Yanran
AU - Leung, Kelvin Sze Yin
AU - Shi, Huijing
AU - Zhang, Yunhui
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number: 81872581 ), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant number. 2019YFE0114500 ), the Shanghai Sailing Program (Grant No. 22YF1409400 ), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ( 2021M700797 ). We thank all the research staff and study participants for their contributions to the present study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Background: Previous studies showed phthalates and UV filters are endocrine-disruptive and associated with puberty. However, few studies have examined effects of mixed exposure. Methods: Six phthalate metabolites and 12 organic UV filters were detected among 223 school-age children. Puberty development was evaluated at baseline and after 18 months of follow-up. Ordered logistic regression models, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) were used to evaluate relationships between phthalate metabolites or UV filters exposure and pubertal development. Results: Six phthalate metabolites and 5 UV filters were detectable in urine samples. In boys, BP-3 and 4′-MAP were negatively associated with genital (ORBP-3 = 0.52, (0.27, 0.93), OR4′-MAP = 0.45, (0.25, 0.74)) and pubic hair development (ORBP-3:0.24, (0.05, 0.76), OR4′-MAP:0.24, (0.05, 0.77)). In girls, MEP levels were associated with advanced breast development (OR: 1.29, (1.04, 1.64)). LASSO regression identified BP-3, 4′-MAP, and OD-PABA for inverse associations with pubertal development in boys. MEP was related to an increase in girls' breast development (OR: 1.64, (1.08, 2.63)). Overall mixture was related to a 70% reduction in boys' genital development stage, with a larger effect size than a single chemical in qgcomp. Mixed exposure was associated with girls' earlier puberty onset (OR: 2.61, (1.06, 6.42)). Conclusions: Our results suggested higher levels of phthalate metabolites and UV filters were associated with delayed pubertal development in boys but with earlier puberty in girls. Higher effect size of joint exposure than single chemicals suggested phthalates and UV filters might have synergistic effects on puberty and distort adolescent endocrine function together.
AB - Background: Previous studies showed phthalates and UV filters are endocrine-disruptive and associated with puberty. However, few studies have examined effects of mixed exposure. Methods: Six phthalate metabolites and 12 organic UV filters were detected among 223 school-age children. Puberty development was evaluated at baseline and after 18 months of follow-up. Ordered logistic regression models, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) were used to evaluate relationships between phthalate metabolites or UV filters exposure and pubertal development. Results: Six phthalate metabolites and 5 UV filters were detectable in urine samples. In boys, BP-3 and 4′-MAP were negatively associated with genital (ORBP-3 = 0.52, (0.27, 0.93), OR4′-MAP = 0.45, (0.25, 0.74)) and pubic hair development (ORBP-3:0.24, (0.05, 0.76), OR4′-MAP:0.24, (0.05, 0.77)). In girls, MEP levels were associated with advanced breast development (OR: 1.29, (1.04, 1.64)). LASSO regression identified BP-3, 4′-MAP, and OD-PABA for inverse associations with pubertal development in boys. MEP was related to an increase in girls' breast development (OR: 1.64, (1.08, 2.63)). Overall mixture was related to a 70% reduction in boys' genital development stage, with a larger effect size than a single chemical in qgcomp. Mixed exposure was associated with girls' earlier puberty onset (OR: 2.61, (1.06, 6.42)). Conclusions: Our results suggested higher levels of phthalate metabolites and UV filters were associated with delayed pubertal development in boys but with earlier puberty in girls. Higher effect size of joint exposure than single chemicals suggested phthalates and UV filters might have synergistic effects on puberty and distort adolescent endocrine function together.
KW - Gender-specific effect
KW - Mixture exposures
KW - Organic UV filters
KW - Phthalates
KW - Pubertal development
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147887118&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138073
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138073
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36758816
AN - SCOPUS:85147887118
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 320
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 138073
ER -
