TY - JOUR
T1 - Mini review: Bidirectional Regulation of Circadian Rhythm by Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Nuclear Receptors in Female Mammals
AU - Shanmugam, Dharani Abirama Sundari
AU - Balaraman, Ashwini Devi
AU - Kar, Abhijit
AU - Franco, Abishek
AU - Balaji, B. Arjun Chandra
AU - Meenakumari, S.
AU - Praveenkumar, P. K.
AU - Gayathri, R.
AU - Ganesan, Vinoth Kumar
AU - Kumar, Merugumolu Vijay
AU - Krishnamoorthi, Senthilkumar
AU - Shanthi, B.
N1 - Primarily self-funded, no autonomous funding was provided. Partial funding was obtained from JAASB Institute and Research Academia, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s).
PY - 2025/4/8
Y1 - 2025/4/8
N2 - The anterior region of the hypothalamus accommodates a bilateral structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which controls, modulates, and perpetuates the homeostasis of circadian rhythm and sleep hormone release. These SCN have a predominance over multitudinous peripheral tissues like the uterus, liver, intestine, pancreas, endocrine system, immune system, reproductive system, and cardiovascular system. This peripheral clock acts as a pacemaker for circadian rhythm timing, which regulates crucial metabolic pathways and organizes numerous activities in the female reproductive network of mammals. The circadian CLOCK genes are expressed in various reproductive organs. The CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY, and PER genes harmonize the balance and manifestation of nuclear receptors (NRs) expression, and the other way round, NRs regulate these circadian genes. Several NRs, in particular estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and PPARs, nurture the ovary and uterus. Bidirectional coordination between SCN and NRs maintains the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of the female reproductive organs.
AB - The anterior region of the hypothalamus accommodates a bilateral structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which controls, modulates, and perpetuates the homeostasis of circadian rhythm and sleep hormone release. These SCN have a predominance over multitudinous peripheral tissues like the uterus, liver, intestine, pancreas, endocrine system, immune system, reproductive system, and cardiovascular system. This peripheral clock acts as a pacemaker for circadian rhythm timing, which regulates crucial metabolic pathways and organizes numerous activities in the female reproductive network of mammals. The circadian CLOCK genes are expressed in various reproductive organs. The CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY, and PER genes harmonize the balance and manifestation of nuclear receptors (NRs) expression, and the other way round, NRs regulate these circadian genes. Several NRs, in particular estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and PPARs, nurture the ovary and uterus. Bidirectional coordination between SCN and NRs maintains the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of the female reproductive organs.
KW - Circadian rhythm
KW - CLOCK genes
KW - nuclear receptors
KW - suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105003737440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5334/jcr.245
DO - 10.5334/jcr.245
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:105003737440
SN - 1740-3391
VL - 23
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Journal of Circadian Rhythms
JF - Journal of Circadian Rhythms
M1 - 4
ER -
