TY - JOUR
T1 - Microbial metabolomics and network analysis reveal fungistatic effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil on Candida albicans
AU - Miao, Qiandan
AU - Zhao, Linjing
AU - Wang, Yuting
AU - Hao, Fangjia
AU - Sun, Peipei
AU - He, Peng
AU - Liu, Yumin
AU - Huang, Jiashuai
AU - Liu, Xijian
AU - Liu, Xiaohui
AU - Deng, Guoying
AU - Li, Hongsen
AU - Li, Lingai
AU - Tang, Yingao
AU - Wang, Lixin
AU - Feng, Meiqing
AU - Jia, Wei
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701032 and 81573937), the China Scholarship Council (201408310049), the National Innovative Training Program for College Students of China (201810856048) and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China (E3-0903-19-01129).
Publisher copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/10/5
Y1 - 2020/10/5
N2 - Ethnopharmacological relevanceFungal infections remain a serious problem worldwide that require effective therapeutic strategies. Essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L., BEO) being traditionally used extensively for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infection has a long history. However, the potential mechanism of action was still obscure, especially from the metabolic perspective. Materials and methodsThe fungistatic effect of BEO on Candida albicans (C. albicans) was evaluated by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and morphological analysis. A high-coverage microbial metabolomics approach was utilized to identify the alterations of intracellular metabolites of C. albicans at mid-logarithmic growth phase in response to the subinhibitory concentration of BEO, by using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Following the metabolic fingerprinting, systematic network analysis was performed to illustrate the potential mechanism of BEO involved in the suppression of C. albicans. ResultsThe damage in cellular membranes of C. albicans treated by BEO above MIC was observed on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Metabolomics results showed that, among 140 intracellular metabolites identified by comparison with reference standards, thirty-four had significantly changed abundances under 0.2 MIC of BEO treatment, mainly involving in central carbon metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle), amino acids, polyamines and lipids metabolism. Pathway and network analyses further found that fifteen ingredients of BEO mainly terpenoids and phenyl-propanoids, potentially participated in the metabolic regulation and may be responsible for the suppression of C. albicans. ConclusionsThe findings highlighted that integrated microbial metabolomics and network analyses could provide a methodological support in understanding the functional mechanisms of natural antimicrobial agents and contribute to drug discovery.
AB - Ethnopharmacological relevanceFungal infections remain a serious problem worldwide that require effective therapeutic strategies. Essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L., BEO) being traditionally used extensively for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infection has a long history. However, the potential mechanism of action was still obscure, especially from the metabolic perspective. Materials and methodsThe fungistatic effect of BEO on Candida albicans (C. albicans) was evaluated by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and morphological analysis. A high-coverage microbial metabolomics approach was utilized to identify the alterations of intracellular metabolites of C. albicans at mid-logarithmic growth phase in response to the subinhibitory concentration of BEO, by using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Following the metabolic fingerprinting, systematic network analysis was performed to illustrate the potential mechanism of BEO involved in the suppression of C. albicans. ResultsThe damage in cellular membranes of C. albicans treated by BEO above MIC was observed on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Metabolomics results showed that, among 140 intracellular metabolites identified by comparison with reference standards, thirty-four had significantly changed abundances under 0.2 MIC of BEO treatment, mainly involving in central carbon metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle), amino acids, polyamines and lipids metabolism. Pathway and network analyses further found that fifteen ingredients of BEO mainly terpenoids and phenyl-propanoids, potentially participated in the metabolic regulation and may be responsible for the suppression of C. albicans. ConclusionsThe findings highlighted that integrated microbial metabolomics and network analyses could provide a methodological support in understanding the functional mechanisms of natural antimicrobial agents and contribute to drug discovery.
KW - Candida albicans
KW - Fungistatic activity
KW - Gas chromatography/time-of-fight mass spectrometry
KW - Microbial metabolomics
KW - Network analysis
KW - Ocimum basilicum
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087219600&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113002
DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113002
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32502652
AN - SCOPUS:85087219600
SN - 0378-8741
VL - 260
JO - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
JF - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
M1 - 113002
ER -