TY - JOUR
T1 - Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics
T2 - Targeting the crosstalk between gut microbiota and brain in neurodegenerative disorders
AU - Luan, Hemi
AU - Wang, Xian
AU - Cai, Zongwei
N1 - Funding Information:
Hong Kong Baptist University, Grant number: IRMC/13-14/03-CHE; National Sciences Foundation of China, Grant numbers: NSFC21675176, NSFC91543202
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the financial supports from Hong Kong Baptist University (IRMC/13-14/03-CHE) and the National Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC21675176 and NSFC91543202).
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Metabolomics seeks to take a “snapshot” in a time of the levels, activities, regulation and interactions of all small molecule metabolites in response to a biological system with genetic or environmental changes. The emerging development in mass spectrometry technologies has shown promise in the discovery and quantitation of neuroactive small molecule metabolites associated with gut microbiota and brain. Significant progress has been made recently in the characterization of intermediate role of small molecule metabolites linked to neural development and neurodegenerative disorder, showing its potential in understanding the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host brain. More evidence reveals that small molecule metabolites may play a critical role in mediating microbial effects on neurotransmission and disease development. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics is uniquely suitable for obtaining the metabolic signals in bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain. In this review, we summarized major mass spectrometry technologies including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and imaging mass spectrometry for metabolomics studies of neurodegenerative disorders. We also reviewed the recent advances in the identification of new metabolites by mass spectrometry and metabolic pathways involved in the connection of intestinal microbiota and brain. These metabolic pathways allowed the microbiota to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota via the neurotransmitter substances. The dysfunctional interaction of this crosstalk connects neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis provides information for targeting dysfunctional pathways of small molecule metabolites in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases, which may be valuable for the investigation of underlying mechanism of therapeutic strategies.
AB - Metabolomics seeks to take a “snapshot” in a time of the levels, activities, regulation and interactions of all small molecule metabolites in response to a biological system with genetic or environmental changes. The emerging development in mass spectrometry technologies has shown promise in the discovery and quantitation of neuroactive small molecule metabolites associated with gut microbiota and brain. Significant progress has been made recently in the characterization of intermediate role of small molecule metabolites linked to neural development and neurodegenerative disorder, showing its potential in understanding the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host brain. More evidence reveals that small molecule metabolites may play a critical role in mediating microbial effects on neurotransmission and disease development. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics is uniquely suitable for obtaining the metabolic signals in bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain. In this review, we summarized major mass spectrometry technologies including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and imaging mass spectrometry for metabolomics studies of neurodegenerative disorders. We also reviewed the recent advances in the identification of new metabolites by mass spectrometry and metabolic pathways involved in the connection of intestinal microbiota and brain. These metabolic pathways allowed the microbiota to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota via the neurotransmitter substances. The dysfunctional interaction of this crosstalk connects neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis provides information for targeting dysfunctional pathways of small molecule metabolites in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases, which may be valuable for the investigation of underlying mechanism of therapeutic strategies.
KW - brain
KW - gut microbiota
KW - Metabolomics
KW - neurodegenerative disorders
KW - small molecule metabolites
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85033686914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mas.21553
DO - 10.1002/mas.21553
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29130504
AN - SCOPUS:85033686914
SN - 0277-7037
VL - 38
SP - 22
EP - 33
JO - Mass Spectrometry Reviews
JF - Mass Spectrometry Reviews
IS - 1
ER -