TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term temporal variations and source changes of halocarbons in the Greater Pearl River Delta region, China
AU - Zeng, Lewei
AU - Dang, Juan
AU - Guo, Hai
AU - Lyu, Xiaopu
AU - Simpson, Isobel J.
AU - Meinardi, Simone
AU - Wang, Yu
AU - Zhang, Luyao
AU - Blake, Donald R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China via grant No. 2017YFC0212001. This study was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government via grants PolyU152052/14E, PolyU152052/16E and CRF/C5004-15E, and the Public Policy Research Funding Scheme from Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Project Number: 2017.A6.094.17D). The data at Mauna Loa station provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is highly appreciated.
Funding Information:
The authors thank the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China via grant No. 2017YFC0212001 . This study was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government via grants PolyU152052/14E , PolyU152052/16E and CRF/C5004-15E , and the Public Policy Research Funding Scheme from Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Project Number: 2017.A6.094.17D ). The data at Mauna Loa station provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is highly appreciated.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Halocarbons are widely used in the Greater Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China. To study the long-term trends, source changes and emissions of major halocarbons, a total of 1505 canister air samples were collected in the Greater PRD region during 2001–2018. Mixing ratios of CFCs decreased significantly over the past 18 years except for CFC-114, which significantly increased in the Greater PRD, consistent with the recent observations of significant CFC-114 emissions in East Asia. Declines in CFCs in the Greater PRD region were faster than those at the background Mauna Loa (MLO) site, indicating effective control regulations. Source apportionment simulations showed that refrigeration applications, including refrigeration industry and CFCs replacement, were the main sources of halocarbons. During the study period, refrigeration industry experienced a progressive decline in both mixing ratio and percentage, while the contribution of CFCs replacement remained increasing. Contribution of solvent use in electronic industry traced by C2Cl4 dramatically decreased during the study period, and stayed at a low level in recent years. Based on the measured ratios of halocarbons to CO, the estimated total halocarbon emissions in 2016 were 46.5 ± 16.7 Gg for the Greater PRD region. This study provides useful information for examining the evolving emission status of halocarbons in the Greater PRD region in response to control strategies and changing usage.
AB - Halocarbons are widely used in the Greater Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China. To study the long-term trends, source changes and emissions of major halocarbons, a total of 1505 canister air samples were collected in the Greater PRD region during 2001–2018. Mixing ratios of CFCs decreased significantly over the past 18 years except for CFC-114, which significantly increased in the Greater PRD, consistent with the recent observations of significant CFC-114 emissions in East Asia. Declines in CFCs in the Greater PRD region were faster than those at the background Mauna Loa (MLO) site, indicating effective control regulations. Source apportionment simulations showed that refrigeration applications, including refrigeration industry and CFCs replacement, were the main sources of halocarbons. During the study period, refrigeration industry experienced a progressive decline in both mixing ratio and percentage, while the contribution of CFCs replacement remained increasing. Contribution of solvent use in electronic industry traced by C2Cl4 dramatically decreased during the study period, and stayed at a low level in recent years. Based on the measured ratios of halocarbons to CO, the estimated total halocarbon emissions in 2016 were 46.5 ± 16.7 Gg for the Greater PRD region. This study provides useful information for examining the evolving emission status of halocarbons in the Greater PRD region in response to control strategies and changing usage.
KW - Emission estimation
KW - Greater pearl river delta
KW - Halocarbons
KW - Long-term trends
KW - Source apportionment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085553717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117550
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117550
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85085553717
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 234
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
M1 - 117550
ER -