TY - JOUR
T1 - Is low self-compassion characteristic of ICD-11 complex PTSD? Further investigation using cross-cultural samples
AU - Fung, Hong Wang
AU - Cheung, Cherry Tin Yan
AU - Chau, Anson Kai Chun
AU - Huang, Chak Hei Ocean
AU - Reyes, Marc Eric S.
AU - Jaya, Edo S.
AU - Mukhtar, Firdaus
AU - Zhe Lian, Amos En
AU - Derin, Görkem
AU - Bengwasan, Peejay D.
AU - Kuriala, Georgekutty Kochuchakkalackal
AU - Uludag, Kadir
AU - Hartanto, Steffi
AU - Dewantary, Nimaz Indryastuti
AU - Novrianto, Riangga
AU - Lam, Stanley Kam Ki
AU - Yuan, Guangzhe Frank
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
PY - 2025/11/11
Y1 - 2025/11/11
N2 - Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, persistent, and disabling trauma disorder newly recognized in ICD-11. Some recent studies suggested that complex PTSD symptoms are negatively associated with self-compassion. This cross-regional study further examined whether low self-compassion would be characteristic of individuals with ICD-11 complex PTSD across cultures. An international sample of 995 female mental health service users completed validated measures of childhood trauma, complex PTSD, and self-compassion (22.7 % came from Western countries, 77.3 % from non-Western countries [mainly Asian countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Philippines]). One-way ANCOVA showed that, compared with participants with and without PTSD, participants with complex PTSD reported the lowest levels of self-compassion, after controlling for the effects of childhood trauma. The results are consistent in both Western and non-Western samples. This study shows that individuals with probable ICD-11 complex PTSD are characterized by low levels of self-compassion across cultures. Interventions targeting self-compassion should be integrated into the prevention and treatment of ICD-11 complex PTSD.
AB - Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, persistent, and disabling trauma disorder newly recognized in ICD-11. Some recent studies suggested that complex PTSD symptoms are negatively associated with self-compassion. This cross-regional study further examined whether low self-compassion would be characteristic of individuals with ICD-11 complex PTSD across cultures. An international sample of 995 female mental health service users completed validated measures of childhood trauma, complex PTSD, and self-compassion (22.7 % came from Western countries, 77.3 % from non-Western countries [mainly Asian countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Philippines]). One-way ANCOVA showed that, compared with participants with and without PTSD, participants with complex PTSD reported the lowest levels of self-compassion, after controlling for the effects of childhood trauma. The results are consistent in both Western and non-Western samples. This study shows that individuals with probable ICD-11 complex PTSD are characterized by low levels of self-compassion across cultures. Interventions targeting self-compassion should be integrated into the prevention and treatment of ICD-11 complex PTSD.
KW - Childhood trauma
KW - Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD)
KW - Cross-cultural psychiatry
KW - Self-compassion
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105024250594
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.11.007
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 41242056
AN - SCOPUS:105024250594
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 193
SP - 15
EP - 18
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
ER -
