@article{7ba9b6b33dcd44dea368e6e164e5c474,
title = "Integrated complementary inverters and ring oscillators based on vertical-channel dual-base organic thin-film transistors",
abstract = "Lateral-channel dual-gate organic thin-film transistors have been used in pseudo complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) inverters to control switching voltage. However, their relatively long channel lengths, combined with the low charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors, typically leads to slow inverter operation. Vertical-channel dual-gate organic thin-film transistors are a promising alternative because of their short channel lengths, but the lack of appropriate p- and n-type devices has limited the development of complementary inverter circuits. Here, we show that organic vertical n-channel permeable single- and dual-base transistors, and vertical p-channel permeable base transistors can be used to create integrated complementary inverters and ring oscillators. The vertical dual-base transistors enable switching voltage shift and gain enhancement. The inverters exhibit small switching time constants at 10 MHz, and the seven-stage complementary ring oscillators exhibit short signal propagation delays of 11 ns per stage at a supply voltage of 4 V.",
author = "Erjuan Guo and Shen Xing and Felix Dollinger and Ren{\'e} H{\"u}bner and Wang, {Shu Jen} and Zhongbin Wu and Karl Leo and Hans Kleemann",
note = "Funding information: E.G. and S.X. acknowledge financial support from the China Scholarship Council (nos. 201706890003 and 201706070125). Z.W. acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. K.L. and F.D. gratefully acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grants LE747/52-2 (SPP FflexCom/Flexartwo) and LE747/62-1. Furthermore, use of the HZDR Ion Beam Center TEM facilities and the funding of TEM Talos by the German Federal Ministry of Education of Research (BMBF; grant no. 03SF0451) in the framework of HEMCP are gratefully acknowledged. We thank H. Tang from Leibniz IFW Dresden for her assistance with optical imaging. We also thank Y. Gao from TU Dresden for her help with ring oscillator measurements. Publisher copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1038/s41928-021-00613-w",
language = "English",
volume = "4",
pages = "588--594",
journal = "Nature Electronics",
issn = "2520-1131",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "8",
}