TY - JOUR
T1 - In-vessel co-composting of horse stable bedding waste and blood meal at different C/N ratios
T2 - Process evaluation
AU - WONG, Jonathan W C
AU - Selvam, Ammaiyappan
AU - Zhao, Zhenyong
AU - Karthikeyan, Obuli P.
AU - Yu, Shuk Man
AU - Law, Alex C.W.
AU - Chung, Patricia C.P.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Abattoir blood meal is rich in nitrogen and its potential as a co-composting material for horse stable bedding waste was evaluated at two C/N ratios - 32 (LBM, low blood meal) and 16 (HBM, high blood meal) - to improve the nutrient contents of the final compost. The mix was composted for 7 days in a 10 tonne/day in-vessel composter and cured aerobically. After 56 days of composting, the ammoniacal-N, CO2 evolution rate and C/N ratio of both LBM and HBM were within the guideline values; however, delayed decomposition and lower seed germination index were observed with HBM. In addition, HBM resulted in 84% loss of the initial ammoniacal-N. Almost similar organic decompositions, 62.4% and 59.6% with LBM and HBM, respectively, were achieved. However, a stable compost product can be obtained within 6-7 weeks with LBM, whereas <8 weeks were required for HBM composting. Therefore, co-composting at the C/N ratio of 32 is recommended to achieve odour-free and faster composting.
AB - Abattoir blood meal is rich in nitrogen and its potential as a co-composting material for horse stable bedding waste was evaluated at two C/N ratios - 32 (LBM, low blood meal) and 16 (HBM, high blood meal) - to improve the nutrient contents of the final compost. The mix was composted for 7 days in a 10 tonne/day in-vessel composter and cured aerobically. After 56 days of composting, the ammoniacal-N, CO2 evolution rate and C/N ratio of both LBM and HBM were within the guideline values; however, delayed decomposition and lower seed germination index were observed with HBM. In addition, HBM resulted in 84% loss of the initial ammoniacal-N. Almost similar organic decompositions, 62.4% and 59.6% with LBM and HBM, respectively, were achieved. However, a stable compost product can be obtained within 6-7 weeks with LBM, whereas <8 weeks were required for HBM composting. Therefore, co-composting at the C/N ratio of 32 is recommended to achieve odour-free and faster composting.
KW - Abattoir blood meal
KW - C/N ratio
KW - Composting
KW - Horse stable bedding waste
KW - In-vessel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84871877115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/09593330.2012.679697
DO - 10.1080/09593330.2012.679697
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 23437655
AN - SCOPUS:84871877115
SN - 0959-3330
VL - 33
SP - 2561
EP - 2567
JO - Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)
JF - Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)
IS - 22
ER -