@inproceedings{bb13b6a8dbd946578f5928f07249eaff,
title = "Image calibration and registration in cone-beam computed tomogram for measuring the accuracy of computer-aided implant surgery",
abstract = "Medical radiography is the use of radiation to ′ see through′ a human body without breaching its integrity (surface). With computed tomography (CT)/cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), three-dimensional (3D) imaging can be produced. These imagings not only facilitate disease diagnosis but also enable computer-aided surgical planning/navigation. In dentistry, the common method for transfer of the virtual surgical planning to the patient (reality) is the use of surgical stent either with a preloaded planning (static) like a channel or a real time surgical navigation (dynamic) after registration with fiducial markers (RF). This paper describes using the corner of a cube as a radiopaque fiducial marker on an acrylic (plastic) stent, this RF allows robust calibration and registration of Cartesian (x, y, z)- coordinates for linking up the patient (reality) and the imaging (virtuality) and hence the surgical planning can be transferred in either static or dynamic way. The accuracy of computer-aided implant surgery was measured with reference to coordinates. In our preliminary model surgery, a dental implant was planned virtually and placed with preloaded surgical guide. The deviation of the placed implant apex from the planning was x=+0.56mm [more right], y=- 0.05mm [deeper], z=-0.26mm [more lingual]) which was within clinically 2mm safety range. For comparison with the virtual planning, the physically placed implant was CT/CBCT scanned and errors may be introduced. The difference of the actual implant apex to the virtual apex was x=0.00mm, y=+0.21mm [shallower], z=-1.35mm [more lingual] and this should be brought in mind when interpret the results.",
keywords = "Cartesian coordinates, Cone beam computed tomography, Implant surgical guide, Mapping, Rigid registration",
author = "Lam, {Walter Y.H.} and Ngan, {Henry Y.T.} and Wat, {Peter Y.P.} and Luk, {Henry W.K.} and Goto, {Tazuko K.} and Pow, {Edmond H.N.}",
note = "Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.; Image Processing: Machine Vision Applications VIII ; Conference date: 10-02-2015 Through 11-02-2015",
year = "2015",
doi = "10.1117/12.2083341",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Niel, {Kurt S.} and Lam, {Edmund Y.}",
booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T Electronic Imaging - Image Processing",
address = "United States",
}