TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of a new Irgarol-1051 related s-triazine species in coastal waters
AU - Lam, Ka Ho
AU - CAI, Zongwei
AU - Wai, Ho Yin
AU - Tsang, Vic Wing Hang
AU - Lam, Michael Hon Wah
AU - Cheung, Richard Yun Hing
AU - Yu, Hong Xia
AU - Lam, Paul Kwan Sing
N1 - Funding Information:
The work described in this paper was supported by the Areas of Excellence Scheme established under the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. AoE/P-04/2004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 20375015.
PY - 2005/7
Y1 - 2005/7
N2 - A previously unknown s-triazine species present in commercially available Irgarol-1051, a booster biocide additive in copper-based antifouling paints for the replacement of organotin-based antifoulants, has been identified in the coastal aquatic environment. After careful isolation, purification and characterization by high resolution MS-MS and 1H NMR, the molecular structure of that unknown species is found to be N,N′-di-tert-butyl-6- methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine (designated as M3). Levels of Irgarol-1051, its major degradation product (M1) and the newly identified M3 in the coastal waters of Hong Kong, one of the world's busiest ports located in the southern coast of China, were monitored by SPME-GC-MS and SPME-GC-FID. Water samples from five locations within Hong Kong waters were analysed and the levels of Irgarol-1051, M1 and M3 were found to be 0.1-1.6 μg l-1, 36.8-259.0 μg l-1 and 0.03-0.39 μg l-1, respectively. Our results indicate that M3 is relatively stable against photo- and bio-degradation and may pose considerable risk to primary producer communities in the coastal marine environment.
AB - A previously unknown s-triazine species present in commercially available Irgarol-1051, a booster biocide additive in copper-based antifouling paints for the replacement of organotin-based antifoulants, has been identified in the coastal aquatic environment. After careful isolation, purification and characterization by high resolution MS-MS and 1H NMR, the molecular structure of that unknown species is found to be N,N′-di-tert-butyl-6- methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine (designated as M3). Levels of Irgarol-1051, its major degradation product (M1) and the newly identified M3 in the coastal waters of Hong Kong, one of the world's busiest ports located in the southern coast of China, were monitored by SPME-GC-MS and SPME-GC-FID. Water samples from five locations within Hong Kong waters were analysed and the levels of Irgarol-1051, M1 and M3 were found to be 0.1-1.6 μg l-1, 36.8-259.0 μg l-1 and 0.03-0.39 μg l-1, respectively. Our results indicate that M3 is relatively stable against photo- and bio-degradation and may pose considerable risk to primary producer communities in the coastal marine environment.
KW - Antifouling agent
KW - Degradation product
KW - Irgarol-1051
KW - N,N′-Di-tert-butyl-6-methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine
KW - s-Triazine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=17444427726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.014
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.014
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 15840530
AN - SCOPUS:17444427726
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 136
SP - 221
EP - 230
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - 2
ER -