Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis

Yalin Liu; Zhigang Yan; Bingyuan Luo; Xiaochi Xu; Hong-Ning Dai; Yaru Fu; Bishenghui Tao; Siu-Kei Au Yeung

doi:10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis

Yalin Liu
, Zhigang Yan
, Bingyuan Luo
, Xiaochi Xu
, Hong-Ning Dai
, Yaru Fu
, Bishenghui Tao
, Siu-Kei Au Yeung

Department of Computer Science

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Conference proceeding › peer-review

Abstract

The emerging Web3 has great potential to provide worldwide decentralized services powered by global-range data-driven networks in the future. To ensure the security of Web3 services among diverse user entities, a decentralized identity (DID) system is essential. Especially, a user's access request to Web3 services can be treated as a DID transaction within the blockchain, executed through a consensus mechanism. However, a critical implementation issue arises in the current Web3, i.e., how to deploy network nodes to serve users on a global scale. To address this issue, emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, such as Starlink, can complement terrestrial networks as Web3 deployment infrastructures. In this case, this paper develops three hybrid satellite-ground modes to deploy the blockchain-enabled DID system for Web3 users. Three modes integrate ground nodes and satellites to provide flexible and continuous DID services for worldwide users. Meanwhile, to evaluate the effectiveness of the present hybrid deployment modes, we analyze the complete DID consensus performance of blockchain on three hybrid satellite-ground modes. Moreover, we conduct numerical and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of three hybrid satellite-ground modes. The impacts of various system parameters are thoroughly analyzed, providing valuable insights for implementing the worldwide Web3 DID system in real-world network environments.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom)
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	397-404
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331522551
ISBN (Print)	9798331522568
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064
Publication status	Published - 29 Aug 2025
Event	2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications - Sejong University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Duration: 27 Aug 2025 → 29 Aug 2025 https://www.ieee-metacom.org/ (Conference website) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/11190091/proceeding (Conference procceding) https://www.ieee-metacom.org/program.html (Conference program)

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications
Abbreviated title	MetaCom 2025
Country/Territory	Korea, Republic of
City	Seoul
Period	27/08/25 → 29/08/25
Internet address	https://www.ieee-metacom.org/ (Conference website) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/11190091/proceeding (Conference procceding) https://www.ieee-metacom.org/program.html (Conference program)

User-Defined Keywords

Blockchain
Decentralized Identity
Hybrid Satellite-Ground Networks
Web3

Access to Document

10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

Cite this

Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Luo, B., Xu, X., Dai, H.-N., Fu, Y., Tao, B., & Yeung, S.-K. A. (2025). Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis. In 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom) (pp. 397-404). (Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

Liu, Yalin ; Yan, Zhigang ; Luo, Bingyuan et al. / Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis. 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom). IEEE, 2025. pp. 397-404 (Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025).

@inproceedings{5ee4b45c8ace4d9ea82eab0d9d6fa896,

title = "Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis",

abstract = "The emerging Web3 has great potential to provide worldwide decentralized services powered by global-range data-driven networks in the future. To ensure the security of Web3 services among diverse user entities, a decentralized identity (DID) system is essential. Especially, a user's access request to Web3 services can be treated as a DID transaction within the blockchain, executed through a consensus mechanism. However, a critical implementation issue arises in the current Web3, i.e., how to deploy network nodes to serve users on a global scale. To address this issue, emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, such as Starlink, can complement terrestrial networks as Web3 deployment infrastructures. In this case, this paper develops three hybrid satellite-ground modes to deploy the blockchain-enabled DID system for Web3 users. Three modes integrate ground nodes and satellites to provide flexible and continuous DID services for worldwide users. Meanwhile, to evaluate the effectiveness of the present hybrid deployment modes, we analyze the complete DID consensus performance of blockchain on three hybrid satellite-ground modes. Moreover, we conduct numerical and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of three hybrid satellite-ground modes. The impacts of various system parameters are thoroughly analyzed, providing valuable insights for implementing the worldwide Web3 DID system in real-world network environments.",

keywords = "Blockchain, Decentralized Identity, Hybrid Satellite-Ground Networks, Web3",

author = "Yalin Liu and Zhigang Yan and Bingyuan Luo and Xiaochi Xu and Hong-Ning Dai and Yaru Fu and Bishenghui Tao and Yeung, \{Siu-Kei Au\}",

note = "The work in this paper was supported in part by the Hong Kong Metropolitan University Research Grant No. RD/2023/2.22, in part by the grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, under project No. UGC/FDS16/E15/24, and in part by the Team-based Research Fund under Project No. TBRF/2024/1.10.; 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025 ; Conference date: 27-08-2025 Through 29-08-2025",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798331522568",

series = "Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025",

publisher = "IEEE",

pages = "397--404",

booktitle = "2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom)",

address = "United States",

url = "https://www.ieee-metacom.org/, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/11190091/proceeding, https://www.ieee-metacom.org/program.html",

}

Liu, Y, Yan, Z, Luo, B, Xu, X, Dai, H-N, Fu, Y, Tao, B & Yeung, S-KA 2025, Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis. in 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom). Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025, IEEE, pp. 397-404, 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 27/08/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis. / Liu, Yalin; Yan, Zhigang; Luo, Bingyuan et al.
2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom). IEEE, 2025. p. 397-404 (Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025).

Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Conference proceeding › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis

AU - Liu, Yalin

AU - Yan, Zhigang

AU - Luo, Bingyuan

AU - Xu, Xiaochi

AU - Dai, Hong-Ning

AU - Fu, Yaru

AU - Tao, Bishenghui

AU - Yeung, Siu-Kei Au

N1 - The work in this paper was supported in part by the Hong Kong Metropolitan University Research Grant No. RD/2023/2.22, in part by the grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, under project No. UGC/FDS16/E15/24, and in part by the Team-based Research Fund under Project No. TBRF/2024/1.10.

PY - 2025/8/29

Y1 - 2025/8/29

N2 - The emerging Web3 has great potential to provide worldwide decentralized services powered by global-range data-driven networks in the future. To ensure the security of Web3 services among diverse user entities, a decentralized identity (DID) system is essential. Especially, a user's access request to Web3 services can be treated as a DID transaction within the blockchain, executed through a consensus mechanism. However, a critical implementation issue arises in the current Web3, i.e., how to deploy network nodes to serve users on a global scale. To address this issue, emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, such as Starlink, can complement terrestrial networks as Web3 deployment infrastructures. In this case, this paper develops three hybrid satellite-ground modes to deploy the blockchain-enabled DID system for Web3 users. Three modes integrate ground nodes and satellites to provide flexible and continuous DID services for worldwide users. Meanwhile, to evaluate the effectiveness of the present hybrid deployment modes, we analyze the complete DID consensus performance of blockchain on three hybrid satellite-ground modes. Moreover, we conduct numerical and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of three hybrid satellite-ground modes. The impacts of various system parameters are thoroughly analyzed, providing valuable insights for implementing the worldwide Web3 DID system in real-world network environments.

AB - The emerging Web3 has great potential to provide worldwide decentralized services powered by global-range data-driven networks in the future. To ensure the security of Web3 services among diverse user entities, a decentralized identity (DID) system is essential. Especially, a user's access request to Web3 services can be treated as a DID transaction within the blockchain, executed through a consensus mechanism. However, a critical implementation issue arises in the current Web3, i.e., how to deploy network nodes to serve users on a global scale. To address this issue, emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, such as Starlink, can complement terrestrial networks as Web3 deployment infrastructures. In this case, this paper develops three hybrid satellite-ground modes to deploy the blockchain-enabled DID system for Web3 users. Three modes integrate ground nodes and satellites to provide flexible and continuous DID services for worldwide users. Meanwhile, to evaluate the effectiveness of the present hybrid deployment modes, we analyze the complete DID consensus performance of blockchain on three hybrid satellite-ground modes. Moreover, we conduct numerical and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of three hybrid satellite-ground modes. The impacts of various system parameters are thoroughly analyzed, providing valuable insights for implementing the worldwide Web3 DID system in real-world network environments.

KW - Blockchain

KW - Decentralized Identity

KW - Hybrid Satellite-Ground Networks

KW - Web3

UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11190280/

U2 - 10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

DO - 10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

M3 - Conference proceeding

SN - 9798331522568

T3 - Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025

SP - 397

EP - 404

BT - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications

Y2 - 27 August 2025 through 29 August 2025

ER -

Liu Y, Yan Z, Luo B, Xu X, Dai HN, Fu Y et al. Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis. In 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom). IEEE. 2025. p. 397-404. (Proceedings - 2025 International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, MetaCom 2025). doi: 10.1109/MetaCom65502.2025.00064

Hybrid Satellite-Ground Deployments for Web3 DID: System Design and Performance Analysis

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

User-Defined Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this