Human Vision-Adapted Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Multicolored Architectural Application

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) offer significant potential for building-integrated energy harvesting combined with daylight transmission. However, simultaneously achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and perceptually accurate color rendition remains challenging. This work introduces high-throughput optical design for developing human vision-adapted ST-OSCs with spectrally targeted color perception, advancing the realization of polychromatic urban architecture. First, a dual-additive method is developed to enhance phase separation within the PEDOT:PSS, yielding a PCE of 20.0% in opaque devices. Building upon this, high-throughput optical design enables the optimization of Fabry–Pérot microcavity structures for precise color generation. The core framework evaluates PCE, infrared rejection rate (IRR), and the novel Visual Match Index (VMI) simultaneously to assess spectral alignment with human visual sensitivity. ST-OSCs engineered to match the peak sensitivities of short-, middle-, and long-wavelength cone cells are fabricated, achieving VMI of 0.99, 0.93, and 0.90, respectively, while maintaining a PCE > 16% and an IRR > 98%. City-scale energy modeling incorporating the experimental parameters predicts that deploying these ST-OSCs as colored facades across Shanghai could deliver substantial power generation while significantly reducing cooling loads. Overall, this work establishes human-centric, aesthetically tunable ST-OSCs as multifunctional building elements that harmoniously integrate visual comfort with urban energy sustainability.