@article{3c1687e94de5433696da53a4d627d9be,
title = "Highly efficient modulation doping: A path toward superior organic thermoelectric devices",
abstract = "We investigate the charge and thermoelectric transport in modulation-doped large-area rubrene thin-film crystals with different crystal phases. We show that modulation doping allows achieving superior doping efficiencies even for high doping densities, when conventional bulk doping runs into the reserve regime. Modulation-doped orthorhombic rubrene achieves much improved thermoelectric power factors, exceeding 20 μW m−1 K−2 at 80°C. Theoretical studies give insight into the energy landscape of the heterostructures and its influence on qualitative trends of the Seebeck coefficient. Our results show that modulation doping together with high-mobility crystalline organic semiconductor films is a previosly unexplored strategy for achieving high-performance organic thermoelectrics.",
author = "Shu-Jen Wang and Michel Panhans and Ilia Lashkov and Hans Kleemann and Federico Caglieris and David Becker-Koch and J{\"o}rn Vahland and Erjuan Guo and Shiyu Huang and Yulia Krupskaya and Yana Vaynzof and Bernd B{\"u}chner and Frank Ortmann and Karl Leo",
note = "Funding Information: We thank B. Nell for assistance with the Seebeck measurement chamber, M. Sawatzki for discussion about rubrene growth, and S. Schellhammer for the BPAPF molar density estimation. Funding: I.L. acknowledges the Global Education Program of the Russian Federation government for providing the grant (number of agreement 398). E.G. would like to thank the financial support from China Scholarship Council (no. 201706890003). Y.K. acknowledges funding from DFG Project, KR 4364/4-1. Y.V. thanks the Fulbright Commission for support (Fulbright-Cottrell Award 2018). F.O. would like to thank the DFG for financial support [projects OR 349/1 and OR 349/3 and Cluster of Excellence e-conversion (grant no. EXC2089)]. Grants for computer time from the Zentrum f{\"u}r Informationsdienste und Hochleistungsrechnen of TU Dresden and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre in Garching (SuperMUC-NG) are gratefully acknowledged. Author contributions: S.-J.W., H.K., and K.L. designed and planned the experiments. S.-J.W. and I.L. performed the device fabrication and electrical characterization with H.K., F.C., J.V., E.G., S.H., and Y.K.{\textquoteright}s input. D.B.-K. and Y.V. performed the PDS measurement. M.P. and F.O. developed the theoretical models and performed the simulations. B.B. and K.L supervised the experimental work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the manuscript preparation. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.abl9264",
language = "English",
volume = "8",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "13",
}