Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters

W. T. Ma; K. K. Fu; Zongwei CAI; G. B. Jiang

doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00502-2

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters

W. T. Ma, K. K. Fu, Zongwei CAI^*, G. B. Jiang

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The excess use of triazine herbicides in agriculture causes severe contamination to the environment especially for ground water. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze simazine, atrazine (ATR), cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of ATR such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. These compounds were baseline separated by the established GC method. The water samples were pre-concentrated by solid-phase-extraction (SPE) and analyzed by ion trap MS at sub- to low-ppt levels. Recovery of ATR by the SPE pre-concentration using a C₁₈ cartridge was determined as 90.5 ± 3.5%. Detection limit of the method using selected ion monitoring technique for ATR was 1.7 ppt when one liter water was analyzed. The relative analytical error for ATR fortified water samples at 200 ppt was -12.5% (n = 12) with triple analysis and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%. Trace levels of ATR at 3.9 and 9.7 ppt were determined in water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1627-1632
Number of pages	6
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	52
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00502-2
Publication status	Published - Sept 2003

Scopus Subject Areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
General Chemistry
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

User-Defined Keywords

Atrazine
GC/MS
Solid-phase-extraction (SPE)
Triazine

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10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00502-2

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@article{18c22936898d41828febd53099bd441b,

title = "Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters",

abstract = "The excess use of triazine herbicides in agriculture causes severe contamination to the environment especially for ground water. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze simazine, atrazine (ATR), cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of ATR such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. These compounds were baseline separated by the established GC method. The water samples were pre-concentrated by solid-phase-extraction (SPE) and analyzed by ion trap MS at sub- to low-ppt levels. Recovery of ATR by the SPE pre-concentration using a C18 cartridge was determined as 90.5 ± 3.5%. Detection limit of the method using selected ion monitoring technique for ATR was 1.7 ppt when one liter water was analyzed. The relative analytical error for ATR fortified water samples at 200 ppt was -12.5% (n = 12) with triple analysis and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%. Trace levels of ATR at 3.9 and 9.7 ppt were determined in water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong.",

keywords = "Atrazine, GC/MS, Solid-phase-extraction (SPE), Triazine",

author = "Ma, {W. T.} and Fu, {K. K.} and Zongwei CAI and Jiang, {G. B.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Faculty Research Grant (FRG/01-02/II-34) Hong Kong Baptist University and Equipment Grant-Central Allocation of the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong (HKBU-1/00C).",

year = "2003",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00502-2",

language = "English",

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AU - Ma, W. T.

AU - Fu, K. K.

AU - CAI, Zongwei

AU - Jiang, G. B.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Faculty Research Grant (FRG/01-02/II-34) Hong Kong Baptist University and Equipment Grant-Central Allocation of the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong (HKBU-1/00C).

PY - 2003/9

Y1 - 2003/9

N2 - The excess use of triazine herbicides in agriculture causes severe contamination to the environment especially for ground water. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze simazine, atrazine (ATR), cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of ATR such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. These compounds were baseline separated by the established GC method. The water samples were pre-concentrated by solid-phase-extraction (SPE) and analyzed by ion trap MS at sub- to low-ppt levels. Recovery of ATR by the SPE pre-concentration using a C18 cartridge was determined as 90.5 ± 3.5%. Detection limit of the method using selected ion monitoring technique for ATR was 1.7 ppt when one liter water was analyzed. The relative analytical error for ATR fortified water samples at 200 ppt was -12.5% (n = 12) with triple analysis and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%. Trace levels of ATR at 3.9 and 9.7 ppt were determined in water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong.

AB - The excess use of triazine herbicides in agriculture causes severe contamination to the environment especially for ground water. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze simazine, atrazine (ATR), cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of ATR such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. These compounds were baseline separated by the established GC method. The water samples were pre-concentrated by solid-phase-extraction (SPE) and analyzed by ion trap MS at sub- to low-ppt levels. Recovery of ATR by the SPE pre-concentration using a C18 cartridge was determined as 90.5 ± 3.5%. Detection limit of the method using selected ion monitoring technique for ATR was 1.7 ppt when one liter water was analyzed. The relative analytical error for ATR fortified water samples at 200 ppt was -12.5% (n = 12) with triple analysis and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%. Trace levels of ATR at 3.9 and 9.7 ppt were determined in water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong.

KW - Atrazine

KW - GC/MS

KW - Solid-phase-extraction (SPE)

KW - Triazine

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters

Abstract

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