TY - JOUR
T1 - Feedback dynamics between precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture in China and their possible driving mechanisms under a changing environment
AU - Lin, Xue
AU - Huang, Shengzhi
AU - Li, Jianfeng
AU - Huang, Qiang
AU - Shi, Haiyun
AU - She, Dunxian
AU - Leng, Guoyong
AU - Wei, Xiaoting
AU - Guo, Wenwen
AU - Liu, Yongqiang
AU - Luo, Jing
N1 - This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 52279026), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Number XDA28060100), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Number 2021YFC3000203), and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant Number 2021ZD12).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - Complex mutual feedback relationships exist between hydrological and meteorological elements in hydrological cycle processes, which may show dynamic changes in a changing environment. Nevertheless, the feedback dynamics between precipitation (P), temperature (T), and soil moisture (SM) and corresponding driving mechanisms remain unknown. And the mutual feedback types are different in space, the mutual feedback strength may change with time. To this end, the Granger causality test was adopted in this study to examine the feedback relationship between P, T, and SM in China. Then, the Sliding Window was used to explore the dynamic characteristics of their mutual feedback relationships. Finally, the Geographical Detector and Random Forest were applied to reveal their spatial and time dynamic driving forces, respectively. Results indicate: (1) generally, the feedback relationships among P, SM, and T are significant, in which the feedback relationship between P and SM is the most extensive in China; (2) the feedback strength between P, T, and SM generally show significant increasing trend, and different types of feedback relationship are different in spatial distribution. Specifically, the feedback strength between P and SM increased in the northwest and southwest of China; (3) the driving forces of the feedback relationships between P, T and SM were analyzed spatial driving forces, Evapotranspiration (ET) and P have strong driving effects, while Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), Wind speed (wind), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) have weaker driving effects, ET is the core hub of the mutual feedback relationship among multiple factors, and meteorological factors are the main driving factors for the time dynamic evolution of mutual feedback relationships between P, T, and SM, followed by circulation factors, and finally underlying surface factors. This study sheds new insights into hydrometeorological feedback, which will help improve understanding of how extreme events such as droughts, heat waves and floods develop, thus being beneficial for their precise defense.
AB - Complex mutual feedback relationships exist between hydrological and meteorological elements in hydrological cycle processes, which may show dynamic changes in a changing environment. Nevertheless, the feedback dynamics between precipitation (P), temperature (T), and soil moisture (SM) and corresponding driving mechanisms remain unknown. And the mutual feedback types are different in space, the mutual feedback strength may change with time. To this end, the Granger causality test was adopted in this study to examine the feedback relationship between P, T, and SM in China. Then, the Sliding Window was used to explore the dynamic characteristics of their mutual feedback relationships. Finally, the Geographical Detector and Random Forest were applied to reveal their spatial and time dynamic driving forces, respectively. Results indicate: (1) generally, the feedback relationships among P, SM, and T are significant, in which the feedback relationship between P and SM is the most extensive in China; (2) the feedback strength between P, T, and SM generally show significant increasing trend, and different types of feedback relationship are different in spatial distribution. Specifically, the feedback strength between P and SM increased in the northwest and southwest of China; (3) the driving forces of the feedback relationships between P, T and SM were analyzed spatial driving forces, Evapotranspiration (ET) and P have strong driving effects, while Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), Wind speed (wind), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) have weaker driving effects, ET is the core hub of the mutual feedback relationship among multiple factors, and meteorological factors are the main driving factors for the time dynamic evolution of mutual feedback relationships between P, T, and SM, followed by circulation factors, and finally underlying surface factors. This study sheds new insights into hydrometeorological feedback, which will help improve understanding of how extreme events such as droughts, heat waves and floods develop, thus being beneficial for their precise defense.
KW - Climate changes
KW - Geographic detector
KW - Granger causality test
KW - Mutual feedback relationships
KW - Random forest
KW - Structural equation model
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171625861&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106983
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106983
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85171625861
SN - 0169-8095
VL - 294
JO - Atmospheric Research
JF - Atmospheric Research
M1 - 106983
ER -