TY - JOUR
T1 - Fate of UV filter Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate in rat model and human urine
T2 - Metabolism, exposure and demographic associations
AU - Huang, Yanran
AU - Law, Japhet Cheuk-Fung
AU - Zhao, Yingya
AU - Shi, Huijing
AU - Zhang, Yunhui
AU - Leung, Kelvin Sze-Yin
N1 - Funding Information:
K. S. –Y. Leung is grateful for funding support from the Inter-institutional Collaborative Research Scheme (RC-ICRS/16-17/02B), Inter-disciplinary Research Matching Scheme (RC-IRMS/16-17/01A), Hong Kong Baptist University. The authors acknowledge the University Research Facility in Life Sciences of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for generous access to the UHPLC-QTOF-MS instrumentation. Kelvin S. –Y. Leung acknowledges the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (JCYJ20170817173243420) for funding support. Y. Huang is supported by a postgraduate studentship offered by the University Grants Committee.
Funding Information:
K. S. –Y. Leung is grateful for funding support from the Inter-institutional Collaborative Research Scheme ( RC-ICRS/16-17/02B ), Inter-disciplinary Research Matching Scheme ( RC-IRMS/16-17/01A ), Hong Kong Baptist University. The authors acknowledge the University Research Facility in Life Sciences of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for generous access to the UHPLC-QTOF-MS instrumentation. Kelvin S. –Y. Leung acknowledges the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission ( JCYJ20170817173243420 ) for funding support. Y. Huang is supported by a postgraduate studentship offered by the University Grants Committee.
PY - 2019/10/10
Y1 - 2019/10/10
N2 - Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most frequently used UV filters in sunscreens and other cosmetic products. Its ubiquitous presence in various environmental matrices and its endocrine disrupting properties have been widely reported. However, we know little about the effect of EHMC exposure on humans, mainly due to its fast metabolism. In this study, urine and plasma of EHMC-dosed rats were analysed to identify its major metabolites. Five metabolites were found, with four firstly reported. Two metabolites were putatively identified as 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4-MCA) and 4′-methoxyacetophenone (4′-MAP). Quantitative results revealed that their excretion concentrations were much higher than the parent compound. Because of these high concentrations, for the human biomonitoring study, EHMC and these two metabolites were detected simultaneously in urine samples from Chinese children and adolescents. The results indicated wide exposure to EHMC, 4-MCA and 4′-MAP. The correlation between urinary concentration of EHMC and 4-MCA as well as 4-MCA and 4′-MAP provided important clues as to the sources and metabolic pathways among these three compounds. Several demographic factors were also assessed with the exposure level. As the first human exposure study of EHMC in a Chinese population, this report would help to establish an exposure database facilitating health risk assessment of EHMC.
AB - Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most frequently used UV filters in sunscreens and other cosmetic products. Its ubiquitous presence in various environmental matrices and its endocrine disrupting properties have been widely reported. However, we know little about the effect of EHMC exposure on humans, mainly due to its fast metabolism. In this study, urine and plasma of EHMC-dosed rats were analysed to identify its major metabolites. Five metabolites were found, with four firstly reported. Two metabolites were putatively identified as 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4-MCA) and 4′-methoxyacetophenone (4′-MAP). Quantitative results revealed that their excretion concentrations were much higher than the parent compound. Because of these high concentrations, for the human biomonitoring study, EHMC and these two metabolites were detected simultaneously in urine samples from Chinese children and adolescents. The results indicated wide exposure to EHMC, 4-MCA and 4′-MAP. The correlation between urinary concentration of EHMC and 4-MCA as well as 4-MCA and 4′-MAP provided important clues as to the sources and metabolic pathways among these three compounds. Several demographic factors were also assessed with the exposure level. As the first human exposure study of EHMC in a Chinese population, this report would help to establish an exposure database facilitating health risk assessment of EHMC.
KW - EHMC
KW - Q-TOF-MS
KW - Metabolite
KW - Human biomonitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066936984&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.440
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.440
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31195281
AN - SCOPUS:85066936984
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 686
SP - 729
EP - 736
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -
