Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong

Yu Bon Man; Ka Lai CHOW; Yiu Fai Tsang; Frankie Tat Kwong Lau; Wing Cheong Fung; Ming Hung WONG

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001

Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong

Yu Bon Man, Ka Lai CHOW, Yiu Fai Tsang, Frankie Tat Kwong Lau, Wing Cheong Fung, Ming Hung WONG^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Geography

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol A (BPA) of two major sewage treatment works in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which adopts chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which employs biological treatment. Liquid portion (LP) and particulate matter (PM) of liquid sewage samples and sludge samples were collected and followed by liquid chromatograph system. It was found that BPA (44.6 ± 35.1%) generally achieved higher TRE than the two other chemicals (PFOS (−18.8 ± 34.8%) and PFOA (−104 ± 86.8%)) in STSTW (p < 0.05). Most of the PFOA, PFOS and BPA was discharged through final effluent (PFOA: 95.6 ± 1.00% and 94.5 ± 3.13%; PFOS: 77.7 ± 1.48% and 72.6 ± 6.07%; BPA: 99.2 ± 0.950% and 92.8 ± 7.25%, respectively) rather than stored in the sludge/cake (PFOA: 4.45 ± 1.00% and 5.47 ± 3.13%, PFOS: 22.3 ± 1.48% and 27.4 ± 6.07%, BPA: 0.844 ± 0.950% and 7.20 ± 7.25%, respectively). After the sewage purification process, the two STW released considerable amounts of PFOA, PFOS and BPA in the final effluent (PFOA: 0.638 ± 0.227 kg/year; PFOS: 0.409 ± 0.126 kg/year; BPA: 10.4 ± 3.83 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 3.08 ± 1.415 kg/year; PFOS: 2.13 ± 0.452 kg/year; BPA: 714 ± 768 kg/year in SCISTW) and in the sludge (PFOA: 0.0360 ± 0.0250 kg/year; PFOS: 0.149 ± 0.00100 kg/year; BPA: 1.09 ± 1.47 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 0.139 ± 0.0670 kg/year; PFOS: 0.606 ± 0.0780 kg/year; BPA: 3.05 ± 3.95 kg/year in SCISTW). This study may help to provide crucial information for further development of municipal sewage system in treating synthetic emerging chemicals.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	358-367
Number of pages	10
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	190
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001
Publication status	Published - 2018

Scopus Subject Areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
Chemistry(all)
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

User-Defined Keywords

BPA
PFOA/S and chemical enhanced treatment
Secondary treatment

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10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001

Cite this

@article{9a731f0e29864d93865d1f683f8eeca9,

title = "Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong",

abstract = "This study aimed at investigating the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol A (BPA) of two major sewage treatment works in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which adopts chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which employs biological treatment. Liquid portion (LP) and particulate matter (PM) of liquid sewage samples and sludge samples were collected and followed by liquid chromatograph system. It was found that BPA (44.6 ± 35.1%) generally achieved higher TRE than the two other chemicals (PFOS (−18.8 ± 34.8%) and PFOA (−104 ± 86.8%)) in STSTW (p < 0.05). Most of the PFOA, PFOS and BPA was discharged through final effluent (PFOA: 95.6 ± 1.00% and 94.5 ± 3.13%; PFOS: 77.7 ± 1.48% and 72.6 ± 6.07%; BPA: 99.2 ± 0.950% and 92.8 ± 7.25%, respectively) rather than stored in the sludge/cake (PFOA: 4.45 ± 1.00% and 5.47 ± 3.13%, PFOS: 22.3 ± 1.48% and 27.4 ± 6.07%, BPA: 0.844 ± 0.950% and 7.20 ± 7.25%, respectively). After the sewage purification process, the two STW released considerable amounts of PFOA, PFOS and BPA in the final effluent (PFOA: 0.638 ± 0.227 kg/year; PFOS: 0.409 ± 0.126 kg/year; BPA: 10.4 ± 3.83 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 3.08 ± 1.415 kg/year; PFOS: 2.13 ± 0.452 kg/year; BPA: 714 ± 768 kg/year in SCISTW) and in the sludge (PFOA: 0.0360 ± 0.0250 kg/year; PFOS: 0.149 ± 0.00100 kg/year; BPA: 1.09 ± 1.47 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 0.139 ± 0.0670 kg/year; PFOS: 0.606 ± 0.0780 kg/year; BPA: 3.05 ± 3.95 kg/year in SCISTW). This study may help to provide crucial information for further development of municipal sewage system in treating synthetic emerging chemicals.",

keywords = "BPA, PFOA/S and chemical enhanced treatment, Secondary treatment",

author = "Man, {Yu Bon} and CHOW, {Ka Lai} and Tsang, {Yiu Fai} and Lau, {Frankie Tat Kwong} and Fung, {Wing Cheong} and WONG, {Ming Hung}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Mr. Raymond Tang at the Drainage Services Department, all the research team members led by Prof. MH Wong in Hong Kong Baptist University and the research team members led by Prof. Paul KS Lam in the State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong for technical assistance. Financial support from the Drainage Service Department, HKSAR (DEMP 11/04 , 14/03 and 15/01 ), Open Science Research Fund of State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution ( OSRF/0001 ), Start-up Research Grant for Newly Recruited Assistant Professors (RG 55/2016-2017R ) and the Dean's Strategic Research Area Fund 2015–2016 DSRAF-6 SP1 , The Education University of Hong Kong , is gratefully acknowledged. Appendix A ",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001",

language = "English",

volume = "190",

pages = "358--367",

journal = "Chemosphere",

issn = "0045-6535",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong

AU - Man, Yu Bon

AU - CHOW, Ka Lai

AU - Tsang, Yiu Fai

AU - Lau, Frankie Tat Kwong

AU - Fung, Wing Cheong

AU - WONG, Ming Hung

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Mr. Raymond Tang at the Drainage Services Department, all the research team members led by Prof. MH Wong in Hong Kong Baptist University and the research team members led by Prof. Paul KS Lam in the State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong for technical assistance. Financial support from the Drainage Service Department, HKSAR (DEMP 11/04 , 14/03 and 15/01 ), Open Science Research Fund of State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution ( OSRF/0001 ), Start-up Research Grant for Newly Recruited Assistant Professors (RG 55/2016-2017R ) and the Dean's Strategic Research Area Fund 2015–2016 DSRAF-6 SP1 , The Education University of Hong Kong , is gratefully acknowledged. Appendix A

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - This study aimed at investigating the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol A (BPA) of two major sewage treatment works in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which adopts chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which employs biological treatment. Liquid portion (LP) and particulate matter (PM) of liquid sewage samples and sludge samples were collected and followed by liquid chromatograph system. It was found that BPA (44.6 ± 35.1%) generally achieved higher TRE than the two other chemicals (PFOS (−18.8 ± 34.8%) and PFOA (−104 ± 86.8%)) in STSTW (p < 0.05). Most of the PFOA, PFOS and BPA was discharged through final effluent (PFOA: 95.6 ± 1.00% and 94.5 ± 3.13%; PFOS: 77.7 ± 1.48% and 72.6 ± 6.07%; BPA: 99.2 ± 0.950% and 92.8 ± 7.25%, respectively) rather than stored in the sludge/cake (PFOA: 4.45 ± 1.00% and 5.47 ± 3.13%, PFOS: 22.3 ± 1.48% and 27.4 ± 6.07%, BPA: 0.844 ± 0.950% and 7.20 ± 7.25%, respectively). After the sewage purification process, the two STW released considerable amounts of PFOA, PFOS and BPA in the final effluent (PFOA: 0.638 ± 0.227 kg/year; PFOS: 0.409 ± 0.126 kg/year; BPA: 10.4 ± 3.83 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 3.08 ± 1.415 kg/year; PFOS: 2.13 ± 0.452 kg/year; BPA: 714 ± 768 kg/year in SCISTW) and in the sludge (PFOA: 0.0360 ± 0.0250 kg/year; PFOS: 0.149 ± 0.00100 kg/year; BPA: 1.09 ± 1.47 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 0.139 ± 0.0670 kg/year; PFOS: 0.606 ± 0.0780 kg/year; BPA: 3.05 ± 3.95 kg/year in SCISTW). This study may help to provide crucial information for further development of municipal sewage system in treating synthetic emerging chemicals.

AB - This study aimed at investigating the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol A (BPA) of two major sewage treatment works in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which adopts chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which employs biological treatment. Liquid portion (LP) and particulate matter (PM) of liquid sewage samples and sludge samples were collected and followed by liquid chromatograph system. It was found that BPA (44.6 ± 35.1%) generally achieved higher TRE than the two other chemicals (PFOS (−18.8 ± 34.8%) and PFOA (−104 ± 86.8%)) in STSTW (p < 0.05). Most of the PFOA, PFOS and BPA was discharged through final effluent (PFOA: 95.6 ± 1.00% and 94.5 ± 3.13%; PFOS: 77.7 ± 1.48% and 72.6 ± 6.07%; BPA: 99.2 ± 0.950% and 92.8 ± 7.25%, respectively) rather than stored in the sludge/cake (PFOA: 4.45 ± 1.00% and 5.47 ± 3.13%, PFOS: 22.3 ± 1.48% and 27.4 ± 6.07%, BPA: 0.844 ± 0.950% and 7.20 ± 7.25%, respectively). After the sewage purification process, the two STW released considerable amounts of PFOA, PFOS and BPA in the final effluent (PFOA: 0.638 ± 0.227 kg/year; PFOS: 0.409 ± 0.126 kg/year; BPA: 10.4 ± 3.83 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 3.08 ± 1.415 kg/year; PFOS: 2.13 ± 0.452 kg/year; BPA: 714 ± 768 kg/year in SCISTW) and in the sludge (PFOA: 0.0360 ± 0.0250 kg/year; PFOS: 0.149 ± 0.00100 kg/year; BPA: 1.09 ± 1.47 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 0.139 ± 0.0670 kg/year; PFOS: 0.606 ± 0.0780 kg/year; BPA: 3.05 ± 3.95 kg/year in SCISTW). This study may help to provide crucial information for further development of municipal sewage system in treating synthetic emerging chemicals.

KW - BPA

KW - PFOA/S and chemical enhanced treatment

KW - Secondary treatment

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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001

DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001

M3 - Article

C2 - 29017113

AN - SCOPUS:85030660533

SN - 0045-6535

VL - 190

SP - 358

EP - 367

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

ER -

Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong

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