TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of the psychoactive substances consumption within 12 wastewater treatment plants service areas in a certain city of Guangxi, China applying wastewater-based epidemiology
AU - Jin, Hangbiao
AU - Yang, Dan
AU - Hao, Yunbin
AU - Zhang, Jinyang
AU - Wu, Pengfei
AU - Liu, Weiping
AU - Zhao, Meirong
N1 - Funding information:
The authors would like to thank the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21976162 and 21806139) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (YQ202043985).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/7/15
Y1 - 2021/7/15
N2 - The abuse of psychoactive substances has been increasing dramatically over the last few years, which is becoming a concern for human health and social stability. How to accurately estimate psychoactive substances' total consumption in certain areas is the key to manage such substances. In order to control psychoactive substances, 8 psychoactive substances' consumption within 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) service areas in a certain city of Guangxi, China was investigated in 2019. Firstly, a solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the influent concentrations. Morphine (MOR), 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (METH), ketamine (KET), and norketamine (NK) were detected, with the concentrations ranging from less than method detection limit (NK, MDMA) to 170.91 (METH) ng/L. Then, the back-estimation of consumption was conducted according to the objective and near real-time wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). The results demonstrate that KET, MOR, and METH are the most abused psychoactive substances, with the mean consumption of 682.42, 167.81, and 44.56 mg/day/1000 inh, respectively. The psychoactive substance residues of WWTPs influent were analyzed to estimate such substances' consumption in specific areas, so as to provide support for risk prevention and control.
AB - The abuse of psychoactive substances has been increasing dramatically over the last few years, which is becoming a concern for human health and social stability. How to accurately estimate psychoactive substances' total consumption in certain areas is the key to manage such substances. In order to control psychoactive substances, 8 psychoactive substances' consumption within 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) service areas in a certain city of Guangxi, China was investigated in 2019. Firstly, a solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the influent concentrations. Morphine (MOR), 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (METH), ketamine (KET), and norketamine (NK) were detected, with the concentrations ranging from less than method detection limit (NK, MDMA) to 170.91 (METH) ng/L. Then, the back-estimation of consumption was conducted according to the objective and near real-time wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). The results demonstrate that KET, MOR, and METH are the most abused psychoactive substances, with the mean consumption of 682.42, 167.81, and 44.56 mg/day/1000 inh, respectively. The psychoactive substance residues of WWTPs influent were analyzed to estimate such substances' consumption in specific areas, so as to provide support for risk prevention and control.
KW - Consumption
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Occurrence
KW - Psychoactive substance
KW - Wastewater-based epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102388090&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146370
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146370
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33725608
AN - SCOPUS:85102388090
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 778
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 146370
ER -
