TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental enforcement and compliance in Pennsylvania's Marcellus shale gas development
AU - Guo, Meiyu
AU - Xu, Yuan
AU - Chen, Yongqin David
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71704150 ), and the Faculty Research Grant, Hong Kong Baptist University ( FRG2/16-17/004 ).
PY - 2019/5
Y1 - 2019/5
N2 - The rapid development of shale gas in the United States raises potential concerns about environmental impacts. This paper examines how environmental regulations are enforced in shale gas development in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale development and the resulting compliance behaviors, employing the economic literature of crime and punishment as the analytical framework. A three-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) is used to analyze the enforcement and compliance performance of regulators and shale gas operators, respectively, employing data spanning from 2011 to 2017. Significant variation in the environmental non-compliance exists between both wells and operators. The empirical results suggest progressive directions for adjusting environmental enforcement strategies in Pennsylvania and provide implications and references for other regions with similar shale gas ambitions.
AB - The rapid development of shale gas in the United States raises potential concerns about environmental impacts. This paper examines how environmental regulations are enforced in shale gas development in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale development and the resulting compliance behaviors, employing the economic literature of crime and punishment as the analytical framework. A three-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) is used to analyze the enforcement and compliance performance of regulators and shale gas operators, respectively, employing data spanning from 2011 to 2017. Significant variation in the environmental non-compliance exists between both wells and operators. The empirical results suggest progressive directions for adjusting environmental enforcement strategies in Pennsylvania and provide implications and references for other regions with similar shale gas ambitions.
KW - Environmental enforcement and compliance
KW - Hierarchical linear modeling
KW - Shale gas
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060083427&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.006
DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.006
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85060083427
SN - 0921-3449
VL - 144
SP - 24
EP - 31
JO - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
JF - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
ER -
