Efficient three-photon excited deep blue photoluminescence and lasing of diphenylamino and 1,2,4-triazole endcapped oligofluorenes

A novel homologues series of diphenylamino and 1,2,4-triazole endcapped @-conjugated oligofluorenes has been synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 9,9-dibutyl-7-(diphenylamino)-2-fluorenylboronic acid, and 1,2,4,-triazole-substituted oligofluorenyl halide was used as a key step. Efficient two- and three-photon excited photoluminescence and lasing were obtained by pumping with near-infrared femto-second lasers. The three-photon absorption cross-section enhances significantly up to 2.48 × 10 ^-78 cm⁶ s² in the femtosecond regime with the length of the conjugation system. The emission is in the deep blue region and the best full width half-maximum (fwhm) of the three-photon lasing is narrower than 6 nm which is the narrowest ever reported. It was also shown that the nonlinear optics (NLO) effect increased parabolically with the conjugation length but without changing the emission wavelength. This demonstrates that varying the conjugation length is a very effective way to tailor an OF-based NLO device for deep blue application. Our findings open a new avenue to design highly efficient multiphoton absorption molecules for photoluminescence and lasing as well as provide a novel series of organic molecules that can be used in NLO applications and fundamental study.