Effects of Ambient Atmospheric PM 2.5 , 1-Nitropyrene and 9-Nitroanthracene on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Hearts of Rats

Lifang Zhao, Li Zhang, Minghui Chen, Chuan Dong, Ruijin Li*, Zongwei CAI

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increased the risks of cardiovascular diseases. PM 2.5 -bound 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 9-nitroanthracene (9-NA) are released from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The toxicities of 1-NP and 9-NA are mainly reflected in their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. However, studies of PM 2.5 -bound 1-NP and 9-NA on the cardiac genotoxicity are limited so far. In this study, histopathology, DNA damage, DNA repair-related gene expression, and oxidative stress were investigated in the hearts of male Wistar rats exposed to PM 2.5 [1.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] or three different dosages of 1-NP (1.0 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.6 × 10 − 4  mg/kg b.w.) or 9-NA (1.3 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.2 × 10 − 4  mg/kg b.w.). The results revealed that (1) PM 2.5 , higher dosages of 1-NP (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.6 × 10 − 4  mg/kg b.w.) and 9-NA (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.2 × 10 − 4  mg/kg b.w.) caused obvious pathological responses and DNA damage (DNA strand breaks, 8-OHdG formation and DNA–protein cross-link), accompanied by increasing OGG1 and GADD153 expression while inhibiting MTH1 and XRCC1 expression in rat hearts. Also, they elevated the hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the control. (2) The lowest dosages 1-NP or 9-NA could not cause DNA damage and oxidative stress. (3) At the approximately equivalent dose level, PM 2.5 -induced DNA damage effects were more obvious than 1-NP or 9-NA along with positive correlation. Taken together, heart DNA damage caused by PM 2.5 , 1-NP and 9-NA may be mediated partially through influencing the DNA repair capacity and causing oxidative stress, and such negative effects might be related to the genotoxicity PM 2.5 , 1-NP, and 9-NA.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)178-190
Number of pages13
JournalCardiovascular Toxicology
Volume19
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Apr 2019

Scopus Subject Areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

User-Defined Keywords

  • 1-Nitropyrene
  • 9-Nitroanthracene
  • DNA damage
  • Fine particulate matter
  • Oxidative stress
  • Rat heart

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