TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Ambient Atmospheric PM 2.5 , 1-Nitropyrene and 9-Nitroanthracene on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Hearts of Rats
AU - Zhao, Lifang
AU - Zhang, Li
AU - Chen, Minghui
AU - Dong, Chuan
AU - Li, Ruijin
AU - CAI, Zongwei
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91543202) and the Nature Science Foundation of Shanxi Province in China (No. 2014011036-2).
PY - 2019/4/15
Y1 - 2019/4/15
N2 - Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increased the risks of cardiovascular diseases. PM 2.5 -bound 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 9-nitroanthracene (9-NA) are released from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The toxicities of 1-NP and 9-NA are mainly reflected in their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. However, studies of PM 2.5 -bound 1-NP and 9-NA on the cardiac genotoxicity are limited so far. In this study, histopathology, DNA damage, DNA repair-related gene expression, and oxidative stress were investigated in the hearts of male Wistar rats exposed to PM 2.5 [1.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] or three different dosages of 1-NP (1.0 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.6 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) or 9-NA (1.3 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.2 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.). The results revealed that (1) PM 2.5 , higher dosages of 1-NP (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.6 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) and 9-NA (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.2 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) caused obvious pathological responses and DNA damage (DNA strand breaks, 8-OHdG formation and DNA–protein cross-link), accompanied by increasing OGG1 and GADD153 expression while inhibiting MTH1 and XRCC1 expression in rat hearts. Also, they elevated the hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the control. (2) The lowest dosages 1-NP or 9-NA could not cause DNA damage and oxidative stress. (3) At the approximately equivalent dose level, PM 2.5 -induced DNA damage effects were more obvious than 1-NP or 9-NA along with positive correlation. Taken together, heart DNA damage caused by PM 2.5 , 1-NP and 9-NA may be mediated partially through influencing the DNA repair capacity and causing oxidative stress, and such negative effects might be related to the genotoxicity PM 2.5 , 1-NP, and 9-NA.
AB - Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increased the risks of cardiovascular diseases. PM 2.5 -bound 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 9-nitroanthracene (9-NA) are released from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The toxicities of 1-NP and 9-NA are mainly reflected in their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. However, studies of PM 2.5 -bound 1-NP and 9-NA on the cardiac genotoxicity are limited so far. In this study, histopathology, DNA damage, DNA repair-related gene expression, and oxidative stress were investigated in the hearts of male Wistar rats exposed to PM 2.5 [1.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] or three different dosages of 1-NP (1.0 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.6 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) or 9-NA (1.3 × 10 − 5 , 4.0 × 10 − 5 , and 1.2 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.). The results revealed that (1) PM 2.5 , higher dosages of 1-NP (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.6 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) and 9-NA (4.0 × 10 − 5 and 1.2 × 10 − 4 mg/kg b.w.) caused obvious pathological responses and DNA damage (DNA strand breaks, 8-OHdG formation and DNA–protein cross-link), accompanied by increasing OGG1 and GADD153 expression while inhibiting MTH1 and XRCC1 expression in rat hearts. Also, they elevated the hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the control. (2) The lowest dosages 1-NP or 9-NA could not cause DNA damage and oxidative stress. (3) At the approximately equivalent dose level, PM 2.5 -induced DNA damage effects were more obvious than 1-NP or 9-NA along with positive correlation. Taken together, heart DNA damage caused by PM 2.5 , 1-NP and 9-NA may be mediated partially through influencing the DNA repair capacity and causing oxidative stress, and such negative effects might be related to the genotoxicity PM 2.5 , 1-NP, and 9-NA.
KW - 1-Nitropyrene
KW - 9-Nitroanthracene
KW - DNA damage
KW - Fine particulate matter
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Rat heart
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056580867&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12012-018-9488-5
DO - 10.1007/s12012-018-9488-5
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 30421179
AN - SCOPUS:85056580867
SN - 1530-7905
VL - 19
SP - 178
EP - 190
JO - Cardiovascular Toxicology
JF - Cardiovascular Toxicology
IS - 2
ER -