TY - JOUR
T1 - Drought variability and characteristics in the muda river basin of malaysia from 1985 to 2019
AU - Bin Luhaim, Zibeon
AU - Tan, Mou Leong
AU - Tangang, Fredolin
AU - Zulkafli, Zed
AU - Chun, Kwok Pan
AU - Yusop, Zulkifli
AU - Yaseen, Zaher Mundher
N1 - This project was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Long-term Research Grant Scheme Project 2 (grant no. LRGS/1/2020/UKM-USM/01/6/2), which is under the LRGS/1/2020/UKM/01/6 program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of historical droughts over the Muda River basin (MRB), Malaysia, from 1985 to 2019 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). The Mann–Kendall test and Sens’ slope were used to evaluate the trends and magnitude changes in the droughts, respectively, while Spearman’s rho was applied to understand the relationships of the droughts with large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden– Julian Oscillation (MJO). The results show that the intense droughts in the MRB mostly occurred in 1991–1992, 1995, 1998, 2002–2003, 2005–2006, 2008, 2012–2013, and 2016. In addition, a declining SPI trend was found from May to December at most of the stations. About 80% of the stations experienced about 10 severely dry droughts, while almost all stations experienced at least 5 extremely dry events. Moreover, a higher response rate of the SSI than the SPI was found during low-rainfall months from January to May. Lastly, ENSO had a larger impact on the drought formations over the MRB compared to the IOD and MJO, especially during the dry period.
AB - This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of historical droughts over the Muda River basin (MRB), Malaysia, from 1985 to 2019 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). The Mann–Kendall test and Sens’ slope were used to evaluate the trends and magnitude changes in the droughts, respectively, while Spearman’s rho was applied to understand the relationships of the droughts with large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden– Julian Oscillation (MJO). The results show that the intense droughts in the MRB mostly occurred in 1991–1992, 1995, 1998, 2002–2003, 2005–2006, 2008, 2012–2013, and 2016. In addition, a declining SPI trend was found from May to December at most of the stations. About 80% of the stations experienced about 10 severely dry droughts, while almost all stations experienced at least 5 extremely dry events. Moreover, a higher response rate of the SSI than the SPI was found during low-rainfall months from January to May. Lastly, ENSO had a larger impact on the drought formations over the MRB compared to the IOD and MJO, especially during the dry period.
KW - Climate
KW - Drought
KW - ENSO
KW - Extreme weather
KW - Malaysia
KW - Muda River
KW - Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
KW - Tropical rainfall
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115659122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/atmos12091210
DO - 10.3390/atmos12091210
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85115659122
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 12
JO - Atmosphere
JF - Atmosphere
IS - 9
M1 - 1210
ER -
