Development and cross-cultural validation of a shortened social representations scale of new foods

The original 27-item social representations scale, developed by Bäckström et al. (2004), consists of five dimensions: suspicion, adherence to technology, adherence to natural food, eating as an enjoyment, and eating as a necessity. The aim of the present study is twofold. First, in study 1, we assessed the psychometric properties of the original social representations scale in the United Kingdom (n = 1010), the United States (n = 1001) and Germany (n = 1000) and compared the results with a shortened 15-item scale. Second, in study 2, we tested a shortened 15-item revised version of the social representations scale in the Netherlands (n = 494), Poland (n = 502) and Spain (n = 500). We conducted reliability analyses and first-order confirmatory factor analyses to test the reliability and validity of the scales in both studies. Results from study 1 showed that the original scale had poor fit statistics, and the shortened scale had adequate to good fit statistics in the three countries. However, this shortened scale still showed some limitations in terms of internal reliability. Results from study 2 showed that the revised shortened scale had adequate to good fit statistics and reliabilities in all three countries. Thus, in spite of the substantial reduction of the social representations scale, the short form shows cross-culturally much better psychometric properties than the original version. Implications and directions for future research are described.